城市干道时空资源优化配置方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 20:09

本文选题：城市干道 + 时空资源利用率　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市交通是现代化城市生活的命脉,城市干道作为城市道路网络的主骨架,是保障城市交通大动脉畅通的关键。然而现有道路在设计和管理上存在诸多不合理的地方,如交通冲突集中于交叉口导致了路网交通运行瓶颈的形成、路口与路段时空资源利用率严重失衡等问题。在城市交通扮演着越来越重要角色的今天,如何促使城市干道路段及交叉口时空资源最大化利用,在提高道路网通行效率的同时,还能兼顾交通安全,是一项亟待研究和解决的课题。首先选取哈尔滨路网系统中交通拥堵且事故多发的典型城市干道进行交通调查,分析了城市干道交通运行存在的主要问题。通过调查获取了道路状况、交通组织情况、交通流量和交通事故及交通冲突等数据,经分析得出现有路网事故高发及效率低下的主要原因在于缺乏分散交叉口交通冲突的组织理念,管理过程中精细化程度不足,以及随着城市经济人口发展,带来的交通设施容量不足产生的供需矛盾。然后以时空资源利用率为指标,分析得到城市干道时空资源的利用效率普遍低下,可以通过增设路内停车位,提高各相位绿信比,减少相位数量等方式提高路口及路段的利用效率。并结合交通冲突面密度分析现有道路时空资源配置方法对交通安全的影响,提出应将交叉口交通冲突引入路段的设计思路。紧接着以分散交叉口交通冲突的空间分布为基本思路,同时结合交通信号协调控制等交通组织手段,针对慢行交通提出非机动车道外移;针对静态交通提出在道路两侧设置停车位,在交叉口出口道临近停车线处设置公交站点;针对交叉口直行车流提出直行待驶区设置方法;针对交叉口左转车流提出干道掉头和直行+右转两种消除左转相位的交通组织方法,以增加干道时空资源利用效率,同时提升干道整体的通行效率和安全性能。最后以哈尔滨市长江路-嵩山路交叉口及相邻路段组成的城市干道空间为例,对其进行了优化设计和评价分析,选取路段饱和度、延误、排队长度、交通冲突面密度等评价指标,利用VISSIM仿真软件,对比分析既有城市干道时空资源配置方法和本文提出的城市道路时空资源优化设计方法的优劣。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic is the lifeblood of modern city life. As the main skeleton of urban road network, urban trunk road is the key to ensure the smooth flow of urban traffic artery. However, there are many unreasonable places in the design and management of existing roads, such as traffic conflicts concentrated on intersections, resulting in the formation of road network traffic bottlenecks, the serious imbalance in the utilization of space-time resources between intersections and road sections, and so on. Nowadays, urban traffic is playing a more and more important role. How to promote the maximum use of space-time resources of urban trunk roads and intersections, which can improve the efficiency of road network and give consideration to traffic safety at the same time. It is an urgent subject to be studied and solved. Firstly, a typical urban trunk road with traffic congestion and frequent accidents in Harbin road network system is selected for traffic investigation, and the main problems existing in the traffic operation of urban trunk roads are analyzed. Data on road conditions, traffic organization, traffic flow, traffic accidents and traffic conflicts were obtained through the survey. Through analysis, the main reasons for the high incidence of road network accidents and low efficiency are the lack of organizational concept of traffic conflicts at scattered intersections, the lack of refinement in the management process, and the development of urban economic population. The shortage of traffic facilities leads to the contradiction between supply and demand. Then, taking the utilization ratio of space-time resources as an index, it is found that the utilization efficiency of space-time resources of urban trunk roads is generally low, which can be improved by adding in-road parking spaces to improve the green and information ratio of each phase. Reduce the number of phases and other ways to improve the use of intersections and sections of the efficiency. Combined with the density of traffic conflict area, this paper analyzes the influence of the existing methods of road space-time resource allocation on traffic safety, and puts forward the design idea that should introduce traffic conflict at intersection into road section. Then, taking the spatial distribution of traffic conflict at scattered intersection as the basic idea, combining with traffic signal coordination control and other traffic organization means, the non-motorized lane is proposed for slow traffic. In view of static traffic, the paper puts forward setting up parking spaces on both sides of the road, setting up bus stops near the stop line at the exit of the intersection, and putting forward the method of setting up the straight waiting area for the traffic flow in the intersection. In order to increase the utilization efficiency of space-time resources of the main road and improve the overall traffic efficiency and safety performance of the main road, two traffic organization methods, namely, the turning around of the trunk road and the right turning directly, are put forward to eliminate the phase of the left turn in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the space-time resources of the trunk road. Finally, taking the urban trunk road space composed of the intersection of Changjiang Road and Songshan Road in Harbin as an example, the optimal design and evaluation analysis are carried out, and the saturation, delay and queue length of the section are selected. By using VISSIM simulation software, the methods of space-time resource allocation of existing urban trunk roads and the optimization design method of space-time resources of urban roads proposed in this paper are compared and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491

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