阻塞比和坡度对地铁区间隧道火灾半横向排烟效果的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 04:08

本文选题：半横向排烟 + 数值模拟　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,地铁交通系统快速发展。地铁车厢内人员密集,隧道空间相对密闭,地铁安全问题成为人们关注的重点。因火灾引起的安全事故是发生概率较高的灾害事故之一,而火灾事故中,烟气又是导致人员伤亡的重要的因素。那么火灾发生后,及时排出隧道内的烟气并控制烟气的蔓延速度显得尤为重要。当列车车厢中部着火时,半横向排烟方式可以在火源附近集中排烟,以免于大部分乘客被烟气湮没。综合考虑,半横向排烟是较为理想的排烟方式。在实际隧道中,有很多种不同高度的隧道,那么列车在不同高度隧道中行驶时,就会形成不同的阻塞比,排烟效果会随着阻塞比的变化而变化。由于受地理环境的影响,隧道中往往存在坡度,坡度对烟气流动的影响不可忽略。本文分别考虑了三种发生火灾时可能存在的情况,在无坡度隧道内列车中部发生火灾的情况、具有坡度的隧道内无列车存在时发生火灾的情况、在有坡度隧道内列车中部发生火灾的情况。利用FDS火灾动态数值模拟软件针对每一种情况,建立地铁区间隧道模型进行数值模拟并分析。第一种情况下,建立了同一列车在三种不同高度的隧道内发生火灾的模型,此时形成三种不同的阻塞比,研究了排烟风速和排烟口开启个数对半横向排烟效果的影响。比较不同阻塞比下,排烟风速和排烟口开启个数对排烟效果的影响。第二种情况下,设置了1%、2%、3%三种坡度,建立了无列车存在下区间隧道内发生火灾的模型。研究了采用自然排烟、半横向排烟时,坡度对排烟效果的影响。排烟口的位置及排烟口开启个数对有坡度隧道内半横向排烟效果的影响。第三种情况下,综合前两种情况的研究结果建立了在有坡度隧道内列车中部发生火灾的模型,研究了不同阻塞比下,坡度对排烟效果的影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the subway traffic system has developed rapidly. People pay more attention to subway safety problems due to the dense staff and relatively closed tunnel space. The safety accident caused by fire is one of the disasters with high probability. In the fire accident, smoke is an important factor causing casualties. After the fire, it is very important to exhaust the smoke and control the spread of the smoke in the tunnel. When the middle part of the train car is on fire, the semi-lateral exhaust can be concentrated in the vicinity of the fire source, so as to avoid the annihilation of most passengers. Comprehensive consideration, half-lateral exhaust smoke is a more ideal way to exhaust smoke. In the actual tunnel, there are many kinds of tunnels with different height, then the different blocking ratio will be formed when the train travels in the tunnel with different height, and the smoke exhaust effect will change with the change of the blocking ratio. Due to the influence of geographical environment, there is often a slope in the tunnel, and the influence of slope on flue gas flow can not be ignored. In this paper, three possible situations of fire are considered, such as the fire in the middle of the train in the tunnel without slope, and the fire in the tunnel with the slope when there is no train in the tunnel. Fire occurred in the middle of the train in a sloping tunnel. A subway tunnel model is established and analyzed by using FDS fire dynamic numerical simulation software for each case. In the first case, the fire model of the same train in three tunnels with different heights is established, and three different blocking ratios are formed. The effects of exhaust wind speed and the number of smoke outlet opening on the effect of semi-transverse exhaust smoke are studied. The effects of exhaust velocity and the number of smoke outlet opening on the smoke exhaust effect were compared under different blocking ratio. In the second case, the model of fire occurred in the tunnel without train is established by setting up 3% slope. The effect of slope on smoke exhaust effect was studied. The influence of the position of the outlet and the number of the opening of the outlet on the effect of the semi-transverse exhaust smoke in the sloping tunnel. In the third case, the model of fire occurred in the middle of the train in the tunnel with slope is established by synthesizing the results of the first two cases, and the influence of slope on smoke emission under different blocking ratio is studied.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U231.96;U458.1

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