平安隧道救援站排烟模式与人员疏散研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 15:50

  本文选题：隧道火灾 + 防灾救援　； 参考：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随我国铁路交通的大发展,长大铁路隧道的数量与规模也逐渐增多。《铁路隧道防灾救援疏散工程设计规范》己经颁布,对隧道的防灾疏散做出了详细规定：长度20km及以上的隧道或隧道群应设置紧急救援站,紧急救援站之间的距离不应大于20kmm。紧急救援站应具备将人员快速疏散到安全区域并能自救或通过救援到达洞外的条件。本文以成兰线平安隧道为工程背景,利用FDS对救援站进行了纵向排烟模式、半横向拱侧独立排烟道排烟模式和半横向拱顶独立排烟道排烟模式在火灾情况下的三维数值动态模拟；对比分析这三种排烟模式的排烟效果。应用FDS+Evac软件展开了救援站在不同疏散站台宽度、横通道间距下的三维人员疏散数值模拟；比较了在不同疏散站台宽度、横通道间距下的安全疏散时间,提出平安隧道救援站火灾排烟模式和救援站设计中的关键参数。通过研究得出以下结论：(1)纵向排烟模式下,在火源附近50m范围内最高温度达到160℃和能见度下降到10m以下,对人员疏散造成不利影响,威胁人员生命安全。并且在此种排烟模式下端部发生火灾时,不能开启火灾隧道内风机,开启风机可能引起危险范围扩大。(2)半横向拱侧排烟模式能够一定程度的控制烟气的流动,烟气最长蔓延400m,比较充分的实现了“人烟分离”。救援站内温度被控制在60℃以下。中部火灾时,能见度一直保持在15m以上；端部火灾时,在1100s之后部分区域能见度下降到10m以下。火灾发生在救援站端部时比发生在中部危险。(3)半横向拱顶排烟模式能够很好的控制烟气的流动,并且烟气蔓延距离远小于半横向拱侧排烟模式,烟气最长蔓延距离为250m,充分实现“人烟分离”,。竖井式联络烟道能利用烟气的“烟囱效应”。救援站内整体温度在53℃以下,整个计算过程能见度都维持在14m以上。(4)救援站站台宽度与横通道间距对人员疏散的总时间均有影响。仅在站台宽度为0.5m时,横通道间距的变化对总疏散时间产生较大影响,当站台宽度超过1.5m时,横通道间距的变化(40-60m)对总疏散时间几乎没有影响。横通道间距固定的情况下,当站台宽度超过1.5m后,随着站台宽度的增加,疏散总时间几乎没有改变。在救援站内决定人员疏散时间的关键参数为救援站台宽度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of railway traffic in China, the number and scale of long and large railway tunnels have increased gradually. The Design Code for disaster Prevention, Rescue and evacuation of Railway tunnels has been promulgated. The disaster prevention and evacuation of tunnels should be regulated in detail: emergency rescue stations should be set up in tunnels or tunnel groups with length 20km or above, and the distance between emergency rescue stations should not be more than 20kmmm. Emergency stations should be equipped to evacuate personnel quickly to a safe area and be able to rescue themselves or reach outside the hole through rescue. Taking the Ping'an Tunnel of Chenglan Line as the engineering background, this paper makes use of FDS to carry on the longitudinal smoke exhaust mode to the rescue station. Three-dimensional numerical dynamic simulation of semi-lateral arch side independent flue exhaust mode and semi-transverse arch roof independent flue exhaust mode under fire condition is carried out, and the smoke exhaust effects of these three smoke exhaust modes are compared and analyzed. Using FDS Evac software, the numerical simulation of the evacuation of the rescue station under different evacuation platform width and horizontal passage spacing is carried out, and the safety evacuation time under different evacuation platform width and horizontal passage spacing is compared. The fire smoke exhaust mode and the key parameters in the design of the rescue station of Ping an Tunnel are presented. The following conclusions are drawn from the study: under the longitudinal smoke exhaust mode, the maximum temperature reaches 160 鈩，

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