隧道掘进无掏槽爆破技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 04:35

本文选题：隧道 + 无掏槽　；参考：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无掏槽齐发孔内分段崩落爆破是一种隧道掘进新技术,其能很好的控制炸药作用方向,减少对围岩的爆破震动,使炸药能量充分利用,更能有效地实现隧道全断面机械化施工。目前,对无掏槽爆破技术的研究相对较少,基本还处在实践工程的初探阶段,而针对基本的破岩理论及参数的影响研究分析尚不多见。本课题从隧道掏槽的目的及优缺点出发,在现代机械信息化时代不断发展的步伐下,得出隧道无掏槽齐发孔内分段崩落爆破技术的可行性。首先在二圈孔位置爆破预裂缝,基于相邻炮孔间破岩及抛掷理论对其内部垂直炮孔分段装药、依次起爆,最后对周边孔进行光面爆破,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟方法分析无掏槽齐发孔内分段崩落爆破围岩应力发展及破碎状况,具体研究内容及成果如下:(1)在总结掏槽爆破优缺点的基础上,得出并初步分析了无掏槽齐发孔内分段崩落爆破的基本原理,分析了无掏槽爆破控制参数的影响。爆破前预留光爆层的预裂缝是无掏槽的关键,通过理论分析,在相邻炮孔装药段间,爆炸应力波和爆生气体劈裂作用下,中间岩体裂缝贯通并被推向隧道临空断面方向。(2)运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件建立无掏槽齐发孔内分段崩落爆破的二维双孔和三维四孔模型,在大变形理论及爆破参数权重分析的基础上,对影响无掏槽爆破效果的炮孔间距、起爆时差和空孔等因素进行了研究。分析表明,柱状药包爆破应力波主要作用在纵向方向。在一定工程条件下选择合理的炮孔间距是实现无掏槽技术的关键。同段炸药起爆存在时差在一定程度上影响无掏槽爆破技术的效果。空孔能促进裂缝的扩展和贯通,有利于无掏槽爆破技术的实现和推广。(3)在理论分析和控制变量模拟的前提下,本课题进一步分析了无掏槽齐发孔内分段崩落爆破每一分段合理深度、每一分段的合理装药量以及相邻分段间起爆合理延期时间,孔内分段能很好的减小爆破岩石的夹制作用。由三维模拟分析了炮孔间排距、隧道断面炮孔布置形式对无掏槽爆破的影响,并通过与传统孔底起爆法进行对比,得出了无掏槽爆破技术耗药量少、炮孔利用率高等优点,具有很大的发展前景。
[Abstract]:Sublevel caving blasting is a new technique for tunneling, which can control the direction of explosive action, reduce blasting vibration of surrounding rock, make full use of explosive energy, and realize mechanized construction of the whole section of tunnel more effectively. At present, the research on the technology of cutting blasting is relatively few, and it is still in the preliminary stage of practical engineering, but the influence of the basic rock breaking theory and parameters is still rare. Based on the purpose, advantages and disadvantages of tunnel cutting, and with the continuous development of modern mechanical information age, the feasibility of sublevel caving blasting technology in tunnel without cutting hole is obtained. Based on the theory of blasting rock between adjacent holes and throwing theory, the internal vertical holes are charged in sequence, and then the peripheral holes are blasted smooth. ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation method is used to analyze the stress development and breakage of surrounding rock in sublevel caving blasting without cutting. The concrete research contents and results are as follows: 1) on the basis of summing up the advantages and disadvantages of cut blasting, The basic principle of sublevel caving blasting in the same hole without cutting is obtained and the influence of the control parameters of the cut-free blasting is analyzed. The pre-crack of the pre-blasting layer reserved before blasting is the key of no cutting. Through theoretical analysis, under the action of explosion stress wave and explosion gas splitting between the charge sections of adjacent holes, Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, the two-dimensional double-hole and three-dimension four-hole models of sublevel caving blasting without cutting and developing holes are established, and the fracture of intermediate rock mass is penetrated through and pushed to the direction of tunnel face to face section. On the basis of the theory of large deformation and the weight analysis of blasting parameters, the factors affecting the effect of notched blasting, such as hole spacing, time difference and empty hole, are studied. The analysis shows that the stress wave of cylindrical charge blasting is mainly in the longitudinal direction. It is the key to realize the technology of cutting without cutting to select reasonable hole spacing under certain engineering conditions. To some extent, the time difference of explosive initiation in the same section affects the effect of notched blasting technology. The hollow hole can promote the crack expansion and penetration, and is beneficial to the realization and popularization of the no-cut blasting technology. (3) on the premise of theoretical analysis and control variable simulation, In this paper, the reasonable depth of each section, the reasonable charge quantity of each section and the reasonable delay time between adjacent sections are further analyzed. The section in the hole can reduce the clamping of blasting rock very well. In this paper, the influence of the spacing between the holes and the layout of the holes in the tunnel section on the notched blasting is analyzed by 3D simulation. By comparing with the traditional method of blasting under the hole, the advantages of the no-cut blasting technology are obtained, such as less charge consumption and high utilization ratio of the holes. It has great prospects for development.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U455.6

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