基于PC-Crash的人—车碰撞交通事故再现与责任认定

发布时间：2018-06-06 05:46

本文选题：交通事故 + 事故再现　；参考：《西华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在国民经济发展与科学技术进步的过程中,公路里程、汽车保有量等都在不断增加,伴随而来的交通事故问题也日益突出。有关数据显示每年的道路交通事故数量急剧增加,然而公安机关交通管理部门的工作人员却极其有限。在本论文中,笔者认为,对于封闭道路与普通道路上机动车与行人碰撞的交通事故,在确定各方责任的时候,需要考虑不同的因素,综合考虑各方的过错行为与过错程度。近年来,计算机技术迅速发展,交通事故再现软件也随之得到改善。PC-Crash软件因为运用简单、容易掌握以及事故再现结果准确等优点在交通事故再现领域得到广泛运用。我们可以利用PC-Crash对交通事故进行再现,分析机动车在交通事故发生前的行驶速度是否超过规定的限制车速和遇到险情时的是否采取了制动避让措施来判定机动车是否存在过错行为。同时,经过事故再现,可以得出碰撞的具体位置,判断行人是否经过人行横道通过马路。通过分析,笔者认为可以从以下两种情况作判断:(一)对于封闭道路上的交通事故,在排除驾驶员酒驾毒驾嫌疑、道路环境对事故的发生没有影响、车辆不存在安全隐患的情况下,倘若汽车无超速,并且采取了合理的制动措施,但还是造成事故,此时涉案汽车方无过错,行人违法进入封闭道路是严重过错行为,所以涉案行人负案件全部责任,车辆方无责任。(二)对于普通道路上的交通事故,首先确定行人是否经过人行横道过马路,在行人正常经过人行横道通过马路的情况下,检验车辆是否存在安全隐患、驾驶员有无酒驾毒驾的嫌疑、道路环境对事故的发生有无影响,在这些都排除的情况下,如果车辆存在超速行驶,则因为其在通过人行横道时没有停车让行且超速行驶存在严重过错,行人没有过错,故行人没有责任,车辆一方承担全部责任,赔偿所有损失。事故认定书属于公文书证,其内容对于审判人员对案件的评议存在重要的作用。事故认定书中关于责任的划分影响到涉案各方应该承担的赔偿义务问题。但是随着交通事故案件的不断增加,不管是公安机关交通管理部门,还是审判机关都不能每个案件都花费很大的时间和精力。因此,对于封闭路段与普通道路中人-车碰撞事故,选择事故再现来确定各方义务有助于案件的顺利解决。
[Abstract]:In the process of the development of national economy and the progress of science and technology, the road mileage and the number of cars are increasing, and the traffic accident problem is becoming more and more serious. Relevant data show that the number of road traffic accidents increases sharply every year, but the staff of traffic management department of public security organs is extremely limited. In this paper, the author thinks that when determining the responsibility of each party, the author should consider different factors and consider the fault behavior and degree of fault of each party when determining the responsibility of each party in the traffic accident of motor vehicle and pedestrian collision on closed road and ordinary road. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, traffic accident reappearance software has been improved. PC-Crash software has been widely used in the field of traffic accident reconstruction because of its advantages of simple application, easy to grasp and accurate result of accident reappearance. We can use PC-crash to recreate traffic accidents, This paper analyzes whether the speed of motor vehicles before the traffic accident exceeds the prescribed speed limit and whether braking avoidance measures are taken to determine whether the motor vehicle is at fault in the event of danger. At the same time, after the accident reappearance, the specific location of the collision can be obtained to determine whether pedestrians cross the crosswalk. Through analysis, the author thinks that it is possible to judge from the following two situations: (1) regarding traffic accidents on closed roads, in removing the suspicion of drunk driving by drivers, the road environment has no effect on the occurrence of accidents. If the vehicle does not have a hidden danger of safety, if the vehicle does not exceed the speed limit and takes reasonable braking measures, but still causes an accident, at this time there is no fault on the part of the car involved in the case, and it is a serious fault for pedestrians to enter the closed road illegally. So the pedestrian involved in the case is fully responsible, the vehicle is not responsible. (2) in the case of traffic accidents on ordinary roads, the first step is to determine whether pedestrians cross the road through pedestrian crossings, and to check whether there are hidden dangers to the safety of vehicles when pedestrians pass through pedestrian crossings normally; Whether the driver is suspected of driving with alcohol or poison, whether the road environment has any effect on the occurrence of the accident, if the vehicle is speeding, The pedestrian is not liable because he does not stop and overspeed has serious fault while crossing the crosswalk, so the pedestrian is not responsible, and the one side of the vehicle bears the full liability and compensates for all the losses. The accident identification document belongs to the documentary evidence, and its content plays an important role in the judgment of the case. The division of liability in the accident cognizance affects the liability of the parties involved. However, with the increasing of traffic accident cases, neither the traffic management department of public security organ nor the judicial organ can spend a lot of time and energy on each case. Therefore, the choice of accident reappearance to determine the obligations of the parties is helpful to the smooth resolution of the case.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.31

【参考文献】