基于元胞自动机的道路瓶颈交通流的研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 05:01

本文选题：元胞自动机 + 交通瓶颈　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：交通是和现代人类社会紧密相关的一个行业,随着现代社会生活节奏的不断加快,城市交通问题越来越成为一个引人关注的问题,而其中的交通瓶颈问题则是引发交通难题的一个重要方面。交通实测现象表明,交通瓶颈的问题容易诱导许多复杂的交通现象。因此,本文将重点研究城市的交通问题,对车辆的加速模型进行研究,同时运用元胞自动机对多车道的交通瓶颈现象进行模拟,并给出一些有价值的结论。首先,本文基于元胞自动机研究单车道车辆的加速模型,改良了传统Nagel-Schreckenberg(NS)模型的本车状态只和前车位置有关的缺陷,建立了将前车速度影响考虑在内的改良的NS模型。在改良的NS模型中,车辆的移动更加符合现实的情况。通过元胞自动机的编程模拟,我们发现,改良NS模型描述出在拥堵情况下车辆的时空分布图呈现出“堵塞波”的形状,与以流体、波等物理模型为基础的宏观交通流模型相符合,也更加符合实际情况。接着,将改良的NS加速规则加入到三车道的元胞自动机中来进行不同瓶颈的模拟。模拟中研究分析了三种不同情形:即相同长度的阻塞段在不同车道同一位置、相同长度的阻塞段在同一车道不同起点,以及不同长度的阻塞段在同一车道相同起点所引起的交通堵塞情况的不同。分析模拟结果发现的结论符合现实情况。总的来说,本文对于交通瓶颈问题从数学建模到元胞自动机的计算机模拟都进行了一定程度的研究,同时,元胞自动机对不同路况的模拟能够反映出此路况发生堵塞的临界密度以及堵塞状况,这对于今后给出交通瓶颈处的交通控制管理的方法,以及对新建交通设施的规划与设计都有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Traffic is an industry closely related to modern human society. With the rapid pace of life in modern society, urban traffic has become a more and more attractive problem. And the traffic bottleneck problem is an important aspect that causes the traffic difficult problem. Traffic measurement shows that traffic bottleneck can easily induce many complicated traffic phenomena. Therefore, this paper will focus on the urban traffic problems, study the acceleration model of vehicles, and use cellular automata to simulate the traffic bottleneck phenomenon of multi-lane, and give some valuable conclusions. Firstly, based on the cellular automata to study the acceleration model of single-lane vehicle, this paper improves the defects of the traditional Nagel-Schreckenberg-NSN model, which only relates to the position of the vehicle in front of the vehicle, and establishes an improved NS model which takes into account the influence of the speed of the vehicle in front of the vehicle. In the improved NS model, the movement of the vehicle is more in line with the reality. Through the programming simulation of cellular automata, we find that the modified NS model describes the spatiotemporal distribution of vehicles in congested conditions, showing the shape of "clogging waves" and fluid. The macroscopic traffic flow model based on the physical model of wave is more consistent with the actual situation. Then, the improved NS acceleration rule is added to the three-lane cellular automata to simulate different bottlenecks. In the simulation, three different cases are studied: the same length block section is at the same location in different lanes, and the same length block section is different starting point in the same lane. And different traffic jams caused by different length blocks at the same starting point in the same driveway. The analysis of the simulation results found that the conclusion is in line with the actual situation. In general, the traffic bottleneck problems from mathematical modeling to computer simulation of cellular automata have been studied to a certain extent, at the same time, The cellular automata simulation of different road conditions can reflect the critical density and congestion situation of the traffic jam, which provides the traffic control management method at the traffic bottleneck in the future. And the planning and design of new traffic facilities are of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491;TP301.1

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