行人影响下的信号交叉口容量及行程时间可靠性研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 05:09

本文选题：交叉口可靠性 + 行人流　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来城市汽车保有量迅速增长,交通拥堵、交通事故等问题日趋严重。交叉口作为连通各条道路的重要瓶颈,其运行条件制约着整个道路交通系统运行效率的发挥。很多交叉口混行交通严重,行人干扰使得交通负荷不断增加,导致交叉口的运转能力下降。可靠性作为一门新兴学科,在交通领域中逐渐得到应用。将可靠性与交叉口的运行效率相结合,深入研究行人影响下平面信号交叉口的可靠性,是缓解交通拥堵、优化交叉口交通组织与设计的重要参考。本文在分析道路交通网络可靠性的基础上,提出了交叉口容量可靠性和行程时间可靠性的概念,设计了基于通行能力和延误分析的交叉口容量和行程时间可靠性评价指标及计算方法,特别讨论了行人影响下各进口车道的通行能力和延误计算模型。据此,采用简化概率法和Monte Carlo法,借助R语言编程计算了交叉口的容量和行程时间可靠性。并选择了一个实例交叉口进行计算分析。本文的具体内容如下:(1)在信号交叉口处行人、机动车交通特性分析的基础上,结合间隙理论,建立了行人影响下的右转、左转以及共用车道的通行能力模型,并将其与HCM模型进行对比分析。其中,左转车穿越对向直行车和行人时的通行能力,是在间隙理论的基础上建立的同时穿越两股不同类型交通流的通行能力计算模型,其间还考虑了对向直行车为单车道和多车道的情况。(2)将行程时间可靠性转化为延误可靠性进行计算,然后分别针对交叉口的专用车道和共用车道,建立各进口车道的延误模型。专用车道的延误模型是在HCM2000的基础上,考虑行人的影响,通过改进绿信比和通行能力的计算建立的。共用车道的延误模型是在稳态延误模型的基础上,结合阿达姆斯(W.F.Adams)模型计算的平均等待时间,考虑右转车(左转车)对直行车阻挡或不阻挡两种情况建立的。(3)选取行人流干扰较为明显的北京市学院南路与杏坛路、文慧园北路相交的两相位十字交叉口作为实例进行分析。现场调查所需的交通流数据,拟合各条车道的车辆到达分布,并进行K-S检验;利用Raff法确定转弯机动车穿越行人或对向直行车的临界间隙,分别用简化概率法和Monte Carlo法计算该交叉口的容量可靠性和行程时间可靠性,并对该交叉口的可靠性进行分析评价。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of urban cars has increased rapidly, traffic congestion, traffic accidents and other problems are becoming more and more serious. As an important bottleneck to connect each road, the operation condition of intersection restricts the efficiency of the whole road traffic system. In many intersections, the traffic load is increasing because of pedestrian interference, which results in the decrease of intersections' running capacity. As a new subject, reliability is gradually applied in the field of transportation. Combining reliability with operational efficiency of intersections and deeply studying the reliability of signalized intersections under the influence of pedestrians is an important reference for alleviating traffic congestion and optimizing traffic organization and design of intersections. Based on the analysis of the reliability of road traffic network, the concepts of intersections capacity reliability and travel time reliability are put forward in this paper. The reliability evaluation index and calculation method of intersections capacity and travel time based on capacity and delay analysis are designed. Especially, the capacity and delay calculation model of each entrance lane under the influence of pedestrians is discussed. Based on this, simplified probability method and Monte Carlo method are used to calculate the capacity and travel time reliability of intersections. An example intersection is selected for calculation and analysis. The specific contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the analysis of pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic characteristics at signalized intersections and the gap theory, the right turn, left turn and the capacity model of common lanes under the influence of pedestrians are established. It is compared with HCM model. Among them, the capacity of the left-turn vehicle passing through the opposite direction vehicle and the pedestrian is a model for calculating the capacity of passing through two different traffic flows at the same time on the basis of the gap theory. In the meantime, considering the single lane and multi-lane, the reliability of travel time is transformed into the reliability of delay, and then the delay model of each entrance lane is established for the special lane and common lane of intersection respectively. Based on HCM2000 and considering the influence of pedestrians, the delay model of special lane is established by improving the calculation of green signal ratio and traffic capacity. The delay model of the shared lane is based on the steady-state delay model and the average waiting time calculated with the Adamsm W. F. Adamsm model. Considering the right turn (left turn), this paper analyzes the two phase intersection of Beijing Academy South Road, Xingtan Road and Wenhuiyuan North Road, which is established by the direct vehicle blocking or not) and takes the two-phase intersection of Beijing Academy South Road and Xingtan Road, where the pedestrian flow interference is obvious, as an example. The traffic flow data needed in the field investigation, fitting the arrival distribution of vehicles in each lane, and carrying out K-S test; using the Raff method to determine the critical clearance between the turning motor vehicles passing through pedestrians or opposite vehicles, The capacity reliability and travel time reliability of the intersection are calculated by simplified probability method and Monte Carlo method respectively, and the reliability of the intersection is analyzed and evaluated.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.23

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