交通事故条件下的交通流仿真研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 15:33

本文选题：快速路 + 交通事故　；参考：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的不断发展,人民的生活水平不断提高,全国小汽车保有量逐年急剧增加,交通需求进一步剧增。同时,快速路作为城市道路交通系统的“主动脉”,是城市市区、郊区、卫星城镇及对外公路之间联系的主要通道,需要为中长距离的交通出行、对外的交通以及过境的交通提供快捷地交通服务。一旦快速路上发生交通事故,诸如追尾、碰撞、坠物等,短时间内很难清除,这必将浪费正常的交通资源,形成交通隐患,导致快速路“快而不快”。论文以交通事故条件下的快速路基本路段为研究对象,首先对交通事故的定义及其发生的原因进行了分析,并进一步从交通流基本参数、交通安全性、道路畅通性三个方面探讨了交通事故对于正常运行交通流的干扰。其次论文界定了交通事故条件下的快速路基本路段,探讨分析了事故路段的驾驶员行为和车辆行为,运用VISSIM软件对交通事故进行模拟设置,并进一步探讨了驾驶行为参数及其在交通事故前后的变化情况,以单向三车道快速路基本路段为例,研究分析了在不同占道数目、占道长度及事故时长下通行能力的变化,得到了不同交通事故条件下的通行能力折减系数。结果表明当仅占据一条车道时,通行能力折减系数为48.8%左右;当占据两条车道时,事故路段的剩余通行能力不足原有的四分之一。同时,随着事故占道长度的增加以及交通事故时长的增加,路段通行能力损失的越严重,当事故时长为5-20min时,事故瓶颈路段的最大实际通行能力急剧减小,交通事故时长为20min时的最大实际通行能力仅为5min时的58.31%。同时进一步研究分析了在上游车辆输入的当量交通量不变的情况下,事故瓶颈路段的实际通行能力会随着车辆构成的复杂而发生变化。最后,在对交通事故条件下快速路基本路段界定的基础上,假设存在一条无形的警戒线,运用元胞自动机模型,对交通事故条件下的单向两车道和单向三车道快速路基本路段分别进行了建模,研究了交通事故前后的通行能力,并进一步研究了限速措施下的交通流。结果表明,设计速度为100km/h的单向双车道和单向三车道快速路基本路段在被交通事故占用一条车道时,其剩余通行能力只有原有的34.33%和49.84%,同时限速长度对于通行能力的影响不明显,但是限速值则明显影响了通行能力,当设定为原有速度的一半即50km/h时,明显提高了通行能力。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the number of cars in China is increasing rapidly year by year, and the traffic demand is increasing sharply. At the same time, the expressway, as the "aorta" of the urban road traffic system, is the main link between urban areas, suburbs, satellite towns and external highways. It requires medium and long distance transportation. External traffic and cross-border traffic provide fast transport services. Once traffic accidents occur on the expressway, such as rear-end, collision, falling objects, it is very difficult to clear them in a short time, which will waste the normal traffic resources, form traffic hidden trouble, and lead to the expressway "fast but not fast". This paper takes the basic section of expressway under the condition of traffic accident as the research object, firstly analyzes the definition of traffic accident and its causes, and further analyzes the basic parameters of traffic flow and traffic safety. The interference of traffic accidents on normal operation of traffic flow is discussed in three aspects of road smoothness. Secondly, the paper defines the basic section of expressway under the condition of traffic accident, discusses and analyzes the driver's behavior and vehicle's behavior of the accident section, and uses Visual IM software to simulate the traffic accident. The change of driving behavior parameters and their changes before and after traffic accidents are further discussed. Taking the basic section of one-way three-lane expressway as an example, the changes of the number of lanes, the length of the lane and the capacity under the accident are studied and analyzed. The capacity reduction coefficient under different traffic accident conditions is obtained. The results show that when only one lane is occupied, the capacity reduction coefficient is about 48. 8%, and when two lanes are occupied, the residual capacity of the accident section is less than 1/4 of the original one. At the same time, with the increase of the length of the road and the length of the traffic accident, the loss of traffic capacity is more serious. When the length of the accident is 5-20min, the maximum actual capacity of the bottleneck section decreases sharply. The maximum actual capacity of traffic accident with 20min is only 58.31 when 5min. At the same time, under the condition that the equivalent traffic volume input from the upstream vehicle remains unchanged, the actual capacity of the accident bottleneck section will change with the complexity of the vehicle composition. Finally, on the basis of defining the basic section of expressway under the condition of traffic accident, assuming that there is an invisible warning line, using the cellular automata model, The basic sections of one-way two-lane expressway and one-way three-lane expressway under traffic accident conditions are modeled respectively. The traffic capacity before and after the traffic accident is studied and the traffic flow under speed limit measures is further studied. The results show that the basic section of one-way two-lane and one-way three-lane expressway with design speed of 100km/h is occupied one lane by traffic accident. The residual capacity is only 34.33% and 49.84% of the original capacity, and the influence of the limit length on the capacity is not obvious, but the speed limit obviously affects the capacity. When the speed is set to half of the original speed, that is, 50km/h, the capacity is obviously improved.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

【引证文献】