城市快速路交通拥堵机理与解决方法研究—重庆内环为例

发布时间：2018-06-22 05:43

本文选题：城市快速路 + 拥堵机理　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市快速路是城市道路网的主动脉,具有容量大、速度快、效率高的特点,在城市交通发展中起着重要作用。但是随着城市经济的持续发展和机动车保有量的不断增加,交通需求总量迅速增长,城市快速路的那些特点逐渐消失,快速路上的交通拥堵问题却日渐严重。因此,为了缓解城市快速路交通拥挤状况,提高城市快速路的运行效率,必须对城市快速路交通拥堵机理进行深入研究。本文首先在分析城市快速路系统特征的基础上,对城市快速路形成拥堵的宏观机理和微观机理进行分析。在分析宏观拥堵机理时,以重庆市为例,从城市空间形态和路网布局的协调性入手,定性分析了重庆城市交通现状、交通特征和发展趋势。通过分析发现,内环快速路出现拥堵主要是由于内环快速路与其它城市道路的衔接处发生拥堵。因此,又以城市快速路与其它道路的衔接节点为研究对象,分析城市快速路的微观拥堵机理。在分析微观拥堵机理时,采用了交通波模型来研究快速路节点处的交通流运行特性。通过分析发现,节点出入口的组合形式、节点立交形式和间距以及立交匝道的形式都会对城市快速路的交通流运行状态产生重要影响。然后,从城市快速路与其它道路衔接的节点入手来分析缓解城市快速路拥堵的方法。首先,对节点出入口的间距进行了建模分析,研究得出了在不同节点出入口组合形式、不同主线车速以及不同主线流量下城市快速路节点出入口的最小间距模型,并提出了在间距不合理时的解决措施;其次对节点处立交的形式选用进行了分析,提出了在不同地形特征和交通状况下选用立交形式的标准,以及在交通条件发生变化时,为使交通运行通畅,应该如何对立交进行改造;最后,对立交处匝道的形式和宽度进行了研究分析,以匹配交通需求为标准,提出了不同交通量情况下应该如何选用匝道形式及宽度的建议。最后,以重庆内环快速路为例,对提出的缓堵方法进行验证。首先,对重庆内环快速路的现状进行了分析;其次,根据立交最小间距模型算出了重庆内环快速路节点立交最小间距,并以内环快速路上立交节点为例,提出了间距不合理时的解决方法;最后,以重庆快速路上东环立交为例,提出了因匝道设置不合理造成拥堵的解决方法。通过以上研究以期能够提高城市快速路的整体运行效率,为缓解城市快速路交通拥堵问题提供理论依据和实践方法。
[Abstract]:Urban expressway is the aorta of urban road network, which has the characteristics of large capacity, fast speed and high efficiency, and plays an important role in the development of urban traffic. However, with the continuous development of urban economy and the increasing number of motor vehicles, the total traffic demand increases rapidly, the characteristics of urban expressway gradually disappear, and the traffic congestion problem on expressway becomes more and more serious. Therefore, in order to alleviate the traffic congestion and improve the efficiency of urban expressway, it is necessary to study the mechanism of urban expressway traffic congestion. Firstly, based on the analysis of the characteristics of urban expressway system, this paper analyzes the macro and micro mechanism of urban expressway congestion. Taking Chongqing as an example, this paper qualitatively analyzes the present situation, traffic characteristics and development trend of urban traffic in Chongqing from the coordination of urban spatial form and road network layout. Through analysis, it is found that the congestion of inner ring expressway is mainly due to the junction of inner ring expressway and other urban roads. Therefore, the microscopic congestion mechanism of urban expressway is analyzed by taking the connecting nodes between urban expressway and other roads as the research object. In the analysis of microscopic congestion mechanism, traffic wave model is used to study the traffic flow characteristics at expressway nodes. Through analysis, it is found that the combined form of node entrance and exit, the form and spacing of node interchange and the form of ramp of interchange have important influence on the traffic flow state of urban expressway. Then, the methods of alleviating urban expressway congestion are analyzed from the connection of urban expressway and other roads. First of all, the distance between the entrances and exits of the urban expressway is modeled and analyzed, and the minimum distance model of the entrances and exits of the urban expressway is obtained under the different combination forms of the entrances and exits of different nodes, the different speed of the main line and the different flow of the main lines. At the same time, the paper puts forward the measures to solve the problem when the spacing is unreasonable. Secondly, the paper analyzes the choice of the interchange form at the node, and puts forward the standard of choosing the interchange form under different terrain characteristics and traffic conditions, and when the traffic conditions change, In order to make the traffic run smoothly, how to transform the interchange; finally, the form and width of the ramp at the interchange are studied and analyzed to match the traffic demand. Some suggestions on how to choose the type and width of ramp under different traffic volume are put forward. Finally, taking Chongqing Inner Ring Expressway as an example, the proposed method is verified. Firstly, the present situation of Chongqing Inner Ring Expressway is analyzed. Secondly, the minimum spacing of Chongqing Inner Ring Expressway Node is calculated according to the minimum interval model of the Interchange, and the example is the Interchange Node on the Inner Ring Expressway. Finally, taking the East Ring Interchange on Chongqing Expressway as an example, the solution of congestion caused by unreasonable ramp setting is put forward. The purpose of this study is to improve the overall operating efficiency of urban expressway and to provide theoretical basis and practical method for alleviating the traffic congestion of urban expressway.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】