城市公交网络复杂特征及竞争—合作研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:49

本文选题：公交网络 + 复杂网络　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：常规公交具有线路设置灵活、覆盖面广、可达性好等特点,是城市居民公共出行的重要交通工具,在我国城市公共交通体系中一直处于主体地位。目前,常规公交已经在各主要城市形成具有相当规模的网络,几乎实现了“全覆盖”。论文选择常规公交作为研究对象,分别从宏观层面解析城市公交网络的复杂结构和从微观层面探讨公交线路在运营过程中的竞争博弈与合作可行性,其中前者考虑了公交线路间的竞争与合作关系,可以作为两者的连接点。研究成果对于深化城市公交系统规划与运营方面的基础理论具有重要意义。城市公交网络是由线路、站点、客流组成的复杂系统,其中线路分为上行和下行。提出公交线路重复因子的概念,以哈尔滨为例分析了城市公交线路上、下行的差异现状。构建了公交网络的有向P空间表示模型,将其应用于哈尔滨公交网络,发现了两个重要实证特征:加权度、度、站点连接线路数量、站点客流量的累积分布同时呈现出指数分布规律,哈尔滨公交网络存在富人俱乐部现象。基于相关性和差异性分析了哈尔滨公交网络的异配性以及站点连接的均匀性特征。分别从线路和网络角度对哈尔滨公交网络的乘客拥挤特征进行分析,针对供需不平衡的线路、站点提出了优化网络发车频率的建议。发现发生乘客拥挤的位置主要集中在线路中部,并且向头部和尾部递减,以及部分线路具有单向型和双向型客流特征。引入拥挤度和拥挤距离的概念,分别评价站点和出行路径的拥挤水平,结果表明哈尔滨公交网络在高峰期已经处于较高的拥挤水平。进一步分析路径长度、加权度、边权等统计特征,特别定义了路径的绕行系数,定量分析了哈尔滨公交站点间路径的绕行程度。从乘客出行OD分布角度提出竞争系数和合作系数的概念,分别度量两条公交线路之间的竞争与合作关系。构建了公交网络的竞合R空间表示模型,将其应用于沈阳公交网络进行竞合态势和网络特征分析。发现竞争与合作是线路间非常重要的关系,而且合作占据了绝对主导的地位。定义竞争强度和合作强度分析了公交线路与其关联线路的竞合情况,识别了公交热线与关键连接线。通过模块度检测出基于竞争关系的沈阳公交网络具有明显的社团结构。通过构建单条线路运营收益的优化模型分析了公交线路间竞争的必要性。以发车间隔作为决策变量,分别构建两条线路间的完全竞争模型和部分竞争模型,最大化各自的运营收益。基于两个算例和可移植性分析证明模型的有效性,结果发现了处于竞争中的线路通过改变发车间隔获得运营收益的增长规律,运营者可以运用博弈论和决策论分析各自的发车策略选择。所构建的竞争模型能够为运营者生成最优的发车间隔,也从理论上证实了线路间的竞争博弈有利于促进公交服务效率的提高。打破传统的公交发车模式,提出了公交线路合作运营的设想,从系统角度探讨了公交线路合作运营的可行性。以在公交枢纽处的公交局域网络为例,应用逆差函数理论描述了多条公交线路基于跨线调度实现合作运营的原理,包括站内调度和站间调度。通过理论与算例分析,公交线路合作运营能够合理调配车辆资源,从总体上削减线路运营所需的车队规模,从而降低公交企业的运营成本。论文旨在捕捉城市公交网络的一些新的复杂特征,涉及站点客流和公交线路间竞合关系,从网络角度分析乘客出行的拥挤状态和公交服务的供需现状,探索基于竞争与合作的公交运营机制。
[Abstract]:Conventional public transport has the characteristics of flexible line setting, wide coverage, good accessibility and so on. It is an important vehicle for urban residents' public travel. It has been in the main position in the urban public transportation system of our country. At present, the conventional public transport has formed a considerable scale of network in the main cities and almost realized "full coverage". Choosing conventional public transport as the research object, this paper analyzes the complex structure of urban public transport network from the macro level and the feasibility of the competition game and cooperation in the operation process from the micro level. The former considers the competition and cooperation relationship between the bus lines, and can be used as the connection point. The research results are deepened. The basic theory of urban public transportation system planning and operation is of great significance. The urban bus network is a complex system consisting of line, site and passenger flow, in which the line is divided into uplink and downlink. The concept of duplication factor of bus lines is put forward. Taking Harbin as an example, the present situation of the difference between the urban bus lines and the downlink is analyzed. The network has the P space representation model and applies it to the Harbin bus network. It finds two important empirical features: the weighting degree, the degree, the number of site connection lines, the cumulative distribution of the passenger traffic on the site, and the rich club phenomenon in Harbin bus network. According to the line and network angle, the passenger congestion characteristics of Harbin bus network are analyzed from the line and network point of view respectively. The results show that the Harbin bus network is at a high congestion level at the peak period. Further analysis of the path length, weighting, edge weight, and the results show that the Harbin bus network is at a high congestion level. According to the statistical characteristics, the detour coefficient of the path is defined, the detour of the route between Harbin bus stations is quantitatively analyzed. The concept of competition coefficient and cooperation coefficient is proposed from the angle of passenger travel OD distribution, and the competition and cooperation relationship between two bus routes are measured respectively. The R spatial representation model of the bus network is constructed. It is applied to the competition situation and network characteristics analysis of Shenyang bus network. It is found that competition and cooperation are very important relationships among lines, and cooperation occupies an absolute dominant position. The competition intensity and cooperation intensity are defined to analyze the competing situation of the bus line and its associated lines, and identify the bus Hotline and key connection lines. The Shenyang bus network based on competition relationship has obvious community structure. The necessity of inter line competition is analyzed by constructing the optimization model of operating income of single line. Taking the interval of departure as a decision variable, the complete competition model and partial competition model between two lines are constructed to maximize the competition. The effectiveness of the model is proved based on two examples and portability analysis. The results show that the line of competition can gain the growth of operating income by changing the departure interval. The operators can use the game theory and the decision theory to analyze their respective dispatch strategy. The competitive model can be operated for operation. It is also proved that the competition game between the lines is helpful to promote the efficiency of public transport service. It breaks the traditional bus service mode, puts forward the idea of the cooperative operation of the bus lines, and discusses the feasibility of the cooperative operation of the bus line from the point of view of the system. As an example, the principle of multi bus lines' cooperative operation based on cross line scheduling is described by inverse function theory, including station scheduling and inter station scheduling. Through theoretical and calculation examples, the cooperative operation of bus lines can rationally allocate vehicle resources, reduce the fleet size required for line operation in general, and reduce bus enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to capture some new complex characteristics of the urban public transport network, which involves the competing relationship between the site passenger flow and the bus line. It analyzes the congestion status of the passenger travel and the supply and demand status of the bus service from the network angle, and explores the bus operation mechanism based on the competition and cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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