高铁桥梁减隔震球型支座结构设计与摩擦学特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 22:12

本文选题：盆式支座 + 球型支座　；参考：《济南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：桥梁支座是桥梁工程中重要的结构部件,它连接桥梁的上部结构与下部结构,并将来自桥梁上部结构的力均匀的传递给下部结构,使桥梁上下部分之间原本的刚性接触转变为柔性接触。由于高铁桥梁在我国的广泛应用,导致了桥梁之间工况环境产生了较大的差异,因此这就需要科研工作者研究新型的支座来满足庞大的工程需求。现如今工厂大量生产的传统支座主要为球型支座与盆式支座。盆式支座拥有非常好的竖向承载能力,在载荷平稳下有不错的力学性能;球型支座承载能力优秀,摩擦系数低且转角大,减隔震性能优异。虽然支座发展趋势为球型支座渐渐替代盆式支座,但盆式支座在一定工况下还拥有不错的性能。本论文将传统球型支座的下支座板与盆式支座的下支座板相结合,并用剪断销将上下支座板进行连接,使支座在受力不大的时候工作形式为盆式支座;当支座受力较大,需要更大的转角和位移时,工作状态转变为球型支座。并对此设计进行了必要的设计计算。然后对此支座的摩擦学特性进行了一定的研究,试验结果表明:设计计算符合相关的国家标准。并对此设计进行数值模拟,包括支座的三维建模、应力分析与瞬态响应分析,并制作出滞回特性曲线,直观的反应出此支座的滞回特性。分析结果表明:此支座的主要部件的应力与应变均满足相关行业标准。本论文的主要创新点如下:(1)高铁桥梁平常工作时,支座受力不大,这时支座应作为盆式支座工作;一旦出现地震、强风或其他可能导致高铁桥梁载荷过大的情况时,支座应作为球型支座工作,以满足桥梁的受力需求。(2)由于支座在不同的受力条件下需要转换功能,采用了四个剪断销进行必要的限位。(3)由于原球型支座的球面钢板为镜面不锈钢材料,成本较高,所以对球型支座球面钢板进行材料替换,保持力学性能的前提下减少了成本,并对此材料的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。本文在支座结构、试验、有限元分析中运用了新的思路与方法,尝试为之后新型支座设计研究提供新的思路与标准依据。
[Abstract]:Bridge support is an important structural component in bridge engineering. It connects the superstructure and the substructure of the bridge and transfers the force from the superstructure of the bridge to the substructure uniformly. The rigid contact between the upper and lower parts of the bridge is converted into flexible contact. Due to the wide application of high-speed railway bridges in China, there are great differences in the operating conditions between bridges, so it is necessary for researchers to study new types of supports to meet the huge engineering needs. Now factory mass production of the traditional support for the ball-type support and basin-type support. The basin bearing has very good vertical bearing capacity and good mechanical performance under steady load. The spherical bearing has excellent bearing capacity, low friction coefficient and large rotation angle, and excellent isolation performance. Although the development trend of the pedestal is that the spherical bearing is gradually replacing the basin-type bearing, the basin-type bearing has good performance under certain working conditions. In this paper, the lower bearing plate of traditional spherical bearing is combined with the lower support plate of basin bearing, and the upper and lower support plates are connected with the shear pin to make the support work in the form of basin bearing when the force is not large. When greater angle and displacement are needed, the working state changes to a spherical bearing. The necessary design calculation is carried out. Then the tribological characteristics of the bearing are studied and the experimental results show that the design and calculation are in accordance with the relevant national standards. Numerical simulation of the design is carried out, including three-dimensional modeling, stress analysis and transient response analysis, and the hysteretic characteristic curve is made, which directly reflects the hysteretic characteristics of the bearing. The results show that the stress and strain of the main parts of this support meet the relevant industry standards. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) when the high speed railway bridge is working, the bearing force is not large, then the bearing should be used as the basin support; once there is an earthquake, the strong wind or other conditions may cause the heavy load of the high speed railway bridge. The bearing should be used as a ball bearing to meet the stress requirements of the bridge. (2) since the bearing needs conversion function under different stress conditions, Four shearing pins are used to limit the necessary position. (3) because the spherical steel plate of the original spherical bearing is mirror stainless steel material and the cost is high, the spherical steel plate of the spherical bearing is replaced with the material to keep the mechanical properties and the cost is reduced. The friction and wear properties of the material were studied. In this paper, new ideas and methods are used in support structure, test and finite element analysis.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U443.36

【参考文献】