空间分布载荷下TBM刀盘振动分析及寿命预测
本文选题:TBM刀盘 + 动态特性 ; 参考:《大连理工大学》2015年博士论文
【摘要】:全断面岩石掘进机(TBM)是隧道施工领域典型的大型复杂装备,其技术复杂和附加值高,反映一个国家的装备制造业水平。刀盘是TBM的核心部件,其寿命等同于TBM的寿命,掘进过程中会遇到高硬度、高温、高石英含量的“三高”围岩环境,加以不同类型的滚刀群多点冲击破岩特性使得刀盘振动极其剧烈,受力性态及力流传递规律极其复杂,导致刀盘在未达到预定寿命指标前出现大面积损伤开裂的严重工程问题。其根本原因在于上述极端环境下刀盘系统的动力学行为及损伤机理难以预测,实现强冲击环境下刀盘的减振抗损设计难度极大。因此,对TBM刀盘的动态特性及疲劳寿命进行分析和预测,提出结构参数的设计依据,具有较大的理论价值及工程意义。本文以中方五分式刀盘为例,对其振动特性及疲劳寿命展开深入研究和探讨,主要研究内容如下:1)复杂因素影响下分体式TBM刀盘系统多自由度耦合动力学行为及其振动机理:综合考虑空间多点时变随机激励、轮齿啮合刚度、间隙及轴承刚度等内外部因素影响,推导构件间的变形协调关系,建立分体式TBM刀盘系统的耦合动力学模型,提出了基于Newmark-β的分体式TBM刀盘系统快速解耦方法,进而分析不同掘进参数、分体质量参数、主驱动布置参数等复杂因素对刀盘系统振动特性的影响规律,并用掘进现场的刀盘振动实测加速度数据验证及修正了动力学模型的准确性及可信度。2)基于子模型技术的分体式刀盘结构复合型应力强度因子模型:针对刀盘结构及边界载荷的复杂性,其裂纹应力强度因子难以确定。结合刀盘结合面动态载荷及多滚刀空间时变激励,采用雨流计数法统计得到8级等效的疲劳载荷谱,提出基于子模型技术的分体式刀盘结构复合型应力强度因子计算方法,并用Newman-Raju公式进行了方法的验证。进而,分析裂纹位置角、形状比及相对深度等参数对应力强度因子的影响,揭示了不同参数下裂纹尖端的主导扩展规律。3)复杂边界条件下TBM刀盘的裂纹扩展寿命预测及参数影响:基于各级等效的疲劳载荷谱,拟合分体刀盘薄弱部位裂纹尖端最深处等效应力强度因子幅的数学表达,分析刀盘的裂纹扩展规律,基于Newman模型及累积损伤理论建立其疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型,进而预测疲劳寿命,并用刀盘特征子结构进行裂纹扩展实验验证。同时,分析不同盘体结构参数、裂纹尺寸参数及扩展速率参数对刀盘寿命的影响规律,为刀盘的结构设计、抗损准则、故障检修策略及选材提供借鉴。4)辽西北供水工程TBM刀盘振动特性及寿命预测:为进一步验证本文模型及方法的有效性及实用性,以辽西北供水工程刀盘为例,采用本文方法建立其系统振动模型,计算刀盘的动态响应及结合面动态载荷,预测其疲劳寿命,并提出盘体结构的改进方案。
[Abstract]:Full-section rock tunneling machine (TBM) is a typical large-scale complex equipment in the field of tunnel construction. Its technical complexity and high added value reflect the level of a country's equipment manufacturing industry. The cutter head is the core component of TBM, and its life is equal to that of TBM. In the process of driving, the "three high" surrounding rock environments with high hardness, high temperature and high quartz content will be encountered. When different types of hobs are used to break rock, the vibration of the cutter head is extremely intense, and the mechanical behavior and the law of force flow transfer are very complicated, which leads to the serious engineering problem of large area damage and cracking before the cutter head does not reach the predetermined life target. The fundamental reason is that it is difficult to predict the dynamic behavior and damage mechanism of the cutter head system under the above extreme environment, and it is very difficult to design the vibration absorption and damage resistance of the cutter head under the strong impact environment. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value and engineering significance to analyze and predict the dynamic characteristics and fatigue life of TBM cutter head and to put forward the design basis of structural parameters. In this paper, the vibration characteristics and fatigue life of the Chinese five-point cutter head are studied and discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) under the influence of complex factors, the coupling dynamic behavior and vibration mechanism of a split TBM cutter head system with multi-degrees of freedom are considered: considering the spatial multi-point time-varying random excitation, the gear tooth meshing stiffness, Under the influence of internal and external factors such as clearance and bearing stiffness, the deformation coordination relationship between components is deduced, the coupling dynamic model of split TBM cutter head system is established, and the fast decoupling method of split TBM cutter head system based on Newmark- 尾 is proposed. Furthermore, the influence of complex factors, such as different tunneling parameters, mass parameters and main driving layout parameters, on the vibration characteristics of the cutter head system is analyzed. The accuracy and reliability of the dynamic model are verified and corrected by the measured acceleration data of the cutter head vibration at the excavation site. 2) based on the sub-model technology, the composite stress-intensity factor model of the split cutter head structure is proposed: aiming at the cutter head junction. The complexity of the construction of boundary loads, The crack stress intensity factor is difficult to determine. Combined with dynamic load of cutter face and time-varying excitation of multi-hob space, the equivalent fatigue load spectrum of 8 stages is obtained by using rain flow counting method, and a method for calculating composite stress intensity factor of split cutter head structure based on sub-model technique is proposed. The method is verified by Newman-Raju formula. Furthermore, the influence of crack position angle, shape ratio and relative depth on the stress intensity factor is analyzed. The crack propagation life prediction and parameter influence of TBM cutter head under complex boundary conditions are revealed. The fatigue load spectrum of different equivalent levels is used to predict the crack growth life. The mathematical expression of equivalent stress intensity factor amplitude at the deepest part of the crack tip of the split cutter head is fitted, and the crack propagation law of the cutter head is analyzed. Based on Newman model and cumulative damage theory, the prediction model of fatigue crack propagation life is established. The fatigue life is predicted and the crack propagation is verified by the characteristic substructure of the cutter head. At the same time, the effects of structural parameters, crack size parameters and propagation rate parameters on the life of the cutter head are analyzed, which are the structural design of the cutter head and the criterion of resistance to damage. Vibration characteristics and Life Prediction of TBM Cutter head in Northwest Liaoning Water supply Project. In order to further verify the validity and practicability of the model and method in this paper, the cutter head of Liaoning Northwest Water supply Project is taken as an example. The vibration model of the system is established by using the method in this paper. The dynamic response of the cutter head and the dynamic load of the joint surface are calculated, the fatigue life is predicted, and the improvement scheme of the structure of the disc body is put forward.
【学位授予单位】:大连理工大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:U455.31
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