基于GPS数据的城市出租车运营分析与数据挖掘

发布时间：2018-07-01 15:19

本文选题：出租车GPS数据 + 运营特性　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：出租车作为城市客运交通的重要组成部分,已经成为影响城市道路交通规划与管理的重要因素之一。目前,国内外很多学者都对出租车GPS数据的应用进行了研究,主要集中在交通状态估计、交通行为分析、出行OD预测、出租车运营水平评价等方面,较少涉及对出租车时空分布相关影响因素的分析,如道路拥堵情况及不同土地利用性质等,而该部分内容却是交通规划和交通管理所亟需的信息。基于出租车GPS定位系统采集的数据,本文深入挖掘和分析了出租车基本运营特性和时空分布规律。其中,通过对出租车基本运营特性的挖掘,可以为交通管理者提供包括空载率等运营数据,有助于管理者了解出租车市场的运营状况,为出租车运营与管理提供决策支持,同时也为出租车时空分布特性分析提供基础；通过对出租车数据进行时空分布挖掘,可以动态感知不同道路、不同功能区域内出租车的时空运动规律,分析出租车时空分布与道路拥堵程度、不同功能区域之间的关系,可对城市交通与土地规划的管理决策者提供直观可靠的数据支持。本文首先对出租车GPS原始数据进行预处理,并进行了坐标变换和地图匹配。在此基础上,分析了出租车运营基本指标,主要包括运营出租车数量、全天载客次数、平均载客次数、平均载客时间、平均空驶时间、运营时间、空驶率等,其中,本文确定了进行乘客上下车点识别的方法,这是进行全天载客次数等基本运营指标计算的基础,也是下一步进行出租车上下车时空分布分析的基础。其次,本文对出租车时空分布进行了深入挖掘。对出租车在不同道路上的分布情况进行了分析,并针对道路拥堵程度与出租车分布之间的关系进行了深入研究；系统性的分析了不同功能区域所满足的出租车出行特征,选取功能明确、出租车载客出行集聚的几个典型区域,主要包括对外交通用地(济南火车站、济南长途汽车站、济南西客站)、行政办公用地(齐鲁软件园)、居住用地(鲁能领秀城)、商业用地(万达广场)、文化娱乐用地(泉城广场),并选取了不同时段出租车运营数量、出租车上下车分布来总结对比不同功能区域内出租车出行规律,另外,对于对外交通用地,引入空载出租车数量占比来刻画其周边出租车的利用力度。再次,本文根据所分析内容,从出租车运营特性及出租车时空分布上两方面出发,对影响出租车运营水平的因素进行了总结,并从出租车运营管理方面、出租车调度方面提出了针对出租车运营的改善策略。最后,本文对出租车运营管理系统进行了设计,利用C#和百度地图API进行编程,实现了对出租车的基本数据管理、基本运营指标的显示以及出租车分布的可视化呈现。
[Abstract]:As an important part of urban passenger traffic, taxi has become one of the important factors affecting urban road traffic planning and management. At present, many scholars at home and abroad have studied the application of GPS data in taxis, mainly in the aspects of traffic state estimation, traffic behavior analysis, travel OD prediction, taxi operation level evaluation, etc. It is less involved in the analysis of the factors related to the spatial and temporal distribution of taxis, such as road congestion and the nature of different land use, but this part is the much-needed information for traffic planning and traffic management. Based on the data collected by the taxi GPS positioning system, this paper deeply excavates and analyzes the basic operating characteristics and space-time distribution law of taxi. Among them, through mining the basic operating characteristics of taxi, it can provide traffic managers with operation data, including no-load rate, which is helpful for managers to understand the operation status of taxi market and provide decision support for taxi operation and management. At the same time, it also provides the basis for the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of taxis. By mining the spatial and temporal distribution of taxi data, we can dynamically perceive the spatial and temporal movement of taxis in different roads and different functional areas. Analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of taxis, the degree of road congestion, and the relationship between different functional areas can provide intuitive and reliable data support for urban traffic and land planning management decision makers. In this paper, we preprocess the original GPS data of taxi, and carry out coordinate transformation and map matching. On this basis, the paper analyzes the basic indexes of taxi operation, including the number of taxis operated, the number of passengers carried throughout the day, the average passenger carrying time, the average empty driving time, the operation time, the empty driving rate, and so on. In this paper, the method of identifying passengers' boarding and disembarkation points is determined, which is the basis of calculating the basic operation indexes such as the number of passengers carrying passengers all day, and is also the basis of analyzing the space-time distribution of taxi boarding and alighting next step. Secondly, this paper deeply excavates the spatial and temporal distribution of taxi. The distribution of taxi on different roads is analyzed, and the relationship between traffic congestion and taxi distribution is studied. The characteristics of taxi travel in different functional areas are systematically analyzed. Select several typical areas with clear function and taxi transportation gathering, mainly including external transportation land (Jinan railway station, Jinan long-distance bus station, Jinan long distance bus station, Jinan long-distance bus station, Jinan railway station, Jinan long-distance bus station, Jinan West passenger Station), administrative office space (Qilu software park), residential land (Luneng leading city), commercial land (Wanda Square), cultural and recreational land (Quancheng Square), and selected different periods of taxi operation, To sum up and compare the taxi travel law in different functional areas, the paper introduces the proportion of the number of no-load taxis to describe the utilization of the surrounding taxis for external transportation land. Thirdly, according to the analysis, this paper summarizes the factors that affect the taxi operation level from the aspects of taxi operation characteristics and taxi space-time distribution, and from the taxi operation management, In the aspect of taxi dispatching, the improvement strategy for taxi operation is put forward. Finally, the paper designs the taxi operation management system, programming with C # and Baidu map API, realizes the basic data management of taxi, the display of basic operation index and the visualization of taxi distribution.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491;TP311.13

【共引文献】