基于路网连通可靠性的小区开放方案优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 15:48

本文选题：小区开放方案 + 交通微循环　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着中国经济的发展和城镇化速度的加快,现有的住宅小区模式带来的城市问题越来越突出,尤其是现有的“封闭式”住宅小区严重阻碍了城市交通的发展。中国政府从解决城市实际问题的角度出发,要求各地逐步打开封闭的住宅小区和单位大院,小区开放已经成为中国社会讨论的热点问题。住宅小区的开放对城市区域交通具有一定的影响,而不同的小区开放方案对城市区域交通的影响不同。因此,研究小区开放道路网络的连通可靠性和小区的开放方案对指导小区开放具有重要意义。论文首先针对小区开放的道路网络特性进行了研究。从道路级配,道路间距和交叉口结构特征三个方面分析了小区开放道路网络的结构特性;从小区开放道路网络的交通吸引和交通分布两个方面分析了小区开放道路网络的交通需求特性;分析了小区开放道路网络可能产生交通悖论的原因,并提出了将系统出行成本作为判断交通悖论现象的依据。其次,利用交通微循环理论,构建了适用于小区开放路网交通微循环系统的连通可靠性指标评价体系。通过分析小区开放路网系统理想出行成本与实际出行成本的关系,建立了系统出行成本比指标,并对系统出行成本的计算方法进行了总结;通过对不同道路间距条件下小区开放道路网络路网系统出行成本的分析,研究了小区开放道路网络的合理道路间距;通过分析小区开放道路网络连接度指数和交叉口的节点度方差,研究了路网的连通性能。在以上研究的基础上,构建了适用于小区开放道路网络的连通可靠性指标评价体系。再次,在小区开放道路网络连通可靠性评价指标分析的基础上,利用功效系数法对连通可靠性的多个指标进行综合评价,结合交通流分配方法,构建了小区开放方案优化的双层模型。模型上层函数的目标是小区开放道路网络的连通可靠性达到相对最优,约束条件为路段饱和度、系统出行成本、功效系数等;模型的下层是利用用户均衡分配方法对小区开放方案条件下的交通微循环系统进行交通分配。最后,以哈尔滨市鲁商松江新城住宅小区为例,对小区开放方案的优化模型进行了应用,通过对比分析各个小区开放方案的连通可靠性,最终得到小区开放的最优方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of Chinese economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the urban problems brought by the existing residential district model are becoming more and more prominent, especially the existing "closed" residential district seriously hinders the development of urban traffic. From the point of view of solving the practical problems of cities, the Chinese government requires all localities to gradually open closed residential and unit compounds, and the opening of residential areas has become a hot issue in Chinese society. The opening of residential district has a certain influence on urban regional traffic, but different residential district opening scheme has different influence on urban regional traffic. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the connectivity reliability of open road network and the open scheme of cell. Firstly, the characteristics of open road network are studied in this paper. The structural characteristics of open road network are analyzed from three aspects: road gradation, road spacing and intersection structure. The characteristics of traffic demand of open road network in residential area are analyzed from two aspects of traffic attraction and traffic distribution, and the reasons of traffic paradox in open road network of residential area are analyzed. The system travel cost is taken as the basis for judging the phenomenon of traffic paradox. Secondly, based on the traffic microcirculation theory, a connected reliability index evaluation system is constructed for the traffic microcirculation system of open road network in residential area. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the ideal travel cost and the actual travel cost of the open road network system, the system travel cost ratio index is established, and the calculation method of the system trip cost is summarized. Based on the analysis of travel cost of open road network system under different road spacing conditions, the reasonable road spacing of open road network in residential area is studied. The connectivity performance of the road network is studied by analyzing the connectivity index of the open road network and the nodal degree variance of the intersection. On the basis of the above research, an evaluation system of connectivity reliability index for open road networks in residential areas is constructed. Thirdly, based on the analysis of connectivity reliability evaluation index of open road network in residential area, the efficiency coefficient method is used to comprehensively evaluate several indexes of connectivity reliability, combined with traffic flow allocation method. A bilevel model for optimization of community opening scheme is constructed. The goal of the upper level function of the model is that the connectivity reliability of the open road network in the cell is relatively optimal, and the constraint conditions are road saturation, system travel cost, efficiency coefficient and so on. In the lower layer of the model, the traffic distribution of the traffic microcirculation system under the open community scheme is carried out by means of the user equilibrium allocation method. Finally, taking the residential district of Lushang Songjiang New Town in Harbin as an example, the optimization model of the open plan of the district is applied, and the optimal scheme of the opening of the district is obtained by comparing and analyzing the connectivity reliability of the open scheme of each district.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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