基于出行时间可靠度的拥挤收费研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 15:16

【摘要】：二十世纪以来,城市交通拥堵问题愈发突出、普遍,已经成为严重制约城市经济发展的世界性难题。国内外学者进行了大量的研究,提出了运用拥挤收费这一交通需求管理措施来解决交通拥堵问题,并且实践证明是有效的。本文在传统出行时间可靠度定义的基础上,对路段的出行时间可靠度重新定义,建立了基于出行时间可靠度的拥挤收费模型,为拥挤收费的实施提供了有效的收费方案。本文首先着重阐述了拥挤收费的经济学原理,介绍了典型的拥挤收费理论定价模型,并指出传统模型存在的缺点；根据收费策略的不同对拥挤收费进行了分类,列举了国内外实施拥挤收费城市的案例,重点分析了拥挤定价对拥挤收费实施的影响。接着,在分析了传统出行时间可靠度的基础上,对交通网络中路段的出行时间可靠度重新进行了定义并且给出了相应的模型；重点分析了基于拥挤收费的交通分配模型,建立了基于出行时间可靠度的拥挤收费模型。上层模型为路段出行时间可靠度标准差约束下的路网用户总出行时间最小；下层模型为固定需求的用户平衡问题,并选用连续平均算法进行求解。在此基础上,提出采用连续平均算法和遗传算法的组合算法来对本文的双层规划模型进行求解。最后,通过案例分析来对模型进行验证。案例首先确定了候选收费路段,分别计算了在给定收费路段数量的情况下路网的最小出行时间可靠度标准差和最小总出行时间,可以发现收费路段的增加会带来减少路网用户总出行时间的好处；在收费路段相同的情况下,路网的总出行时间和出行时间可靠度标准差不能同时达到最优,并且达到路网的出行时间可靠度标准差最小时的费率更高。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, the problem of urban traffic congestion has become more and more prominent and universal, which has become a worldwide problem seriously restricting the development of urban economy. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research, and put forward the traffic demand management measures of congestion charge to solve the traffic congestion problem, and the practice proved to be effective. Based on the traditional definition of travel time reliability, this paper redefines the travel time reliability of road sections, and establishes a congestion toll model based on travel time reliability, which provides an effective toll scheme for the implementation of congestion charges. In this paper, the economic principle of congestion pricing is expounded, the typical pricing model of congestion pricing theory is introduced, and the shortcomings of the traditional model are pointed out, and the congestion pricing is classified according to the different charging strategies. This paper enumerates the cases of congestion charging cities at home and abroad, and analyzes the influence of congestion pricing on congestion pricing. Then, based on the analysis of the traditional travel time reliability, the paper redefines the travel time reliability of the road sections in the traffic network and gives the corresponding model, especially analyzes the traffic allocation model based on congestion charge. A congestion toll model based on travel time reliability is established. The upper model is the minimum total travel time of road network users under the constraint of travel time reliability standard deviation, and the lower level model is the user balance problem with fixed demand, and the continuous average algorithm is used to solve the problem. On this basis, a combination algorithm of continuous average algorithm and genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the bilevel programming model in this paper. Finally, the model is verified by case study. The case first determines the candidate toll section, calculates the minimum travel time reliability standard deviation and the minimum total travel time of the road network under the given number of toll sections. It can be found that the increase of toll roads will bring about the benefits of reducing the total travel time of road network users; in the case of the same toll section, the standard deviation of total travel time and travel time reliability of the road network cannot reach the optimal level at the same time. And the rate is higher when the standard deviation of travel time reliability of road network is minimum.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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