基于元胞自动机的若干类型城市道路交叉口交通流特性研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 19:15

【摘要】：城市道路交叉口作为城市交通网络中典型的交通瓶颈,汇集了大量不同行驶方向的机动车、非机动车和行人,极易造成交通拥堵甚至引发交通事故,进而导致整个交通路网运行效率的降低,产生大气污染、噪音污染等负面影响,甚至造成大量的经济损失,从而严重制约了城市的可持续发展。因此对城市道路交叉口的交通流特性进行深入研究,构建符合实际交通特征的交通流模型,探求其控制理论与管理方法,不仅可以丰富交通流理论的研究内容,而且对缓解城市交通拥堵、促进城市可持续发展具有重要的作用。基于元胞自动机的思想,本文构建了多个交叉口仿真模型,并通过数值模拟,分析研究了城市道路交叉口处的交通流特性,从而为交叉口的交通管控制措施制定和渠化设计提供理论依据。本文的主要研究内容为：(1)无信号控制情景下的T型交叉口交通流特性。利用NaSch模型对车辆运行情况进行模拟,引入了避免死锁规则和冲突处理规则,构建了无信号控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型。通过数值模拟,分析研究了不同方向车流对T型交叉口交通流特性的影响,模拟结果表明：正常情况下,当右转车比例增加时,主路内侧车道和支路的流量会相应的增加,但主路外侧车道的流量则有所下降；然而,当主路外侧车道车辆流入率足够大,且内侧车道车辆流入率足够小时,支路右转车比例增加会导致主路外侧车道的流量也出现增加的现象。(2)定时信号控制情景下的T型交叉口交通流特性。基于无信号控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型,进一步引入了定时信号控制策略,采用新的冲突处理规则来对交叉口路权进行分配,构建了定时信号控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型。通过数值模拟,分析研究了主路绿灯时长、车辆流入率和信号相位等因素对T型交叉口流量和延误的影响。模拟结果表明：增加绿灯时长确实可以提高(减少)其所控制车道的流量(延误)：然而,若要优化整个交叉口的通行能力,则需要根据各车道流量分配不同车道的绿灯时长。当定时信号配时方案确定的情况下,交叉口能够通过的最大流量是固定的。相对于两相位信号控制,增加了左转专用相位的三相位信号控制,并没有提高交叉口的通行能力,但可以避免各车道车流之间的冲突,提高交叉口通行安全。(3)无信号控制情景下U形转弯对T型交叉口交通流特性的影响。基于无信号控制下的T型交叉口仿真模型,增加了U形转弯车流,并为此引入了新的避免死锁规则和冲突处理规则,构建了新的T型交叉口仿真模型。通过数值模拟,分析研究了U形转弯对T型交叉口交通流特性的影响。模拟结果表明：当车辆流入率较大时,U形转弯的存在会恶化交叉口的交通状况,使得交叉口拥堵范围和程度都有所增加；不同方向的U形转弯对交叉口的交通状况影响也不尽相同,影响最大的是主路外侧车道上的U形转弯。(4)不同驾驶行为对X型交叉口交通流特性的影响。利用NaSch模型对车辆运行情况进行模拟,假设车辆驾驶行为的转变服从Weibull分布,引入了博弈论的思想解决不同驾驶行为的车辆在交叉口处的冲突问题,从而构建了X型交叉口仿真模型。通过数值模拟,分析研究了不同驾驶行为对X型交叉口交通流特性的影响。模拟结果表明：驾驶员的违规行为会恶化主路的交通状况,改善支路的交通状况；但是违规者的存在会降低交叉口的安全性,产生更多的交通冲突和交通事故,导致交叉口拥堵甚至瘫痪。不同于以往的研究,在博弈论框架下的交叉口相图中存在一个过渡态。在该状态下,车辆的流量随着车辆流入率的增加非线性增加。(5)交叉口处混合自行车流的交通特性和机非干扰特性。基于对自行车换道、自我保护和超车等行为的考虑,提出了一种新的混合自行车流元胞自动机仿真模型。通过数值模拟,研究了混合自行车流的交通特性并得到了自行车流的密度-速度关系图。研究结果表明该模型可以很好的模拟混合自行车流的运动,并能反映出现实交通中观测到的一些现象。在此模型的基础上提出了交叉口处机非干扰模型,通过数值模拟研究了机非干扰特性。
[Abstract]:As a typical traffic bottleneck in urban traffic network, urban road intersection brings together a large number of vehicles with different driving directions, non motor vehicles and pedestrians, which can easily cause traffic congestion and even cause traffic accidents, resulting in the reduction of the efficiency of the whole traffic network, resulting in the negative effects of air pollution, noise pollution and so on. A large number of economic losses have seriously restricted the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, the traffic flow characteristics of the urban road intersection are deeply studied, the traffic flow model which conforms to the actual traffic characteristics, and its control theory and management methods can be explored not only to enrich the research content of the traffic flow theory, but also to alleviate the urban traffic. Congestion has an important role to promote the sustainable development of the city. Based on the idea of cellular automata, this paper constructs a number of intersections simulation model. Through numerical simulation, the traffic flow characteristics at the intersection of urban road are analyzed and studied, which provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of traffic control and control measures and channelization design at the intersection. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the traffic flow characteristics of T type intersection under the non signal control situation. Using the NaSch model to simulate the vehicle operation, introducing the avoidance of deadlock rules and conflict handling rules, the simulation model of the T type intersection under the non signal control is constructed. Through the numerical simulation, the different direction vehicle flow to the T is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that, under normal circumstances, when the ratio of right turning is increased, the flow of the inner lane and branch of the main road will increase, but the flow in the lateral lane of the main road is reduced; however, the inflow rate of the vehicle in the main road side lane is large enough, and the inflow rate of the inside lane is small enough. At the time, the increase in the proportion of the right turntable in the branch road leads to the increase in the flow of the main road side lane. (2) the traffic flow characteristics of the T type intersection under the timing signal control situation. Based on the T type intersection simulation model without signal control, the timing signal control strategy is further introduced and the new conflict handling rules are used to the intersection road. The simulation model of T type intersection under the control of timing signal is constructed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of the length of the main road green light, the inflow rate and the signal phase on the flow and delay of the T type intersection is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that the increase of the length of the green light can improve (reduce) the flow of the control lane. Amount (delay): however, in order to optimize the capacity of the entire intersection, it is necessary to allocate the green light of different lanes according to the flow of each lane. When the timing signal timing scheme is determined, the maximum flow rate that the intersection can pass is fixed. Compared with the two phase signal control, the three phase signal of the left turn special phase is added. Control does not improve the traffic capacity of the intersection, but it can avoid the conflict between the vehicles and streams in each lane and improve the safety of the intersection. (3) the influence of the U shape turn on the traffic flow characteristics of the T type intersection under the non signal control situation. Based on the T type intersection simulation model under the non signal control, the U shaped turning traffic is added, and a new method is introduced to this end. In order to avoid the deadlock rules and conflict handling rules, a new T type intersection simulation model is constructed. Through numerical simulation, the influence of U shape turn on traffic flow characteristics of T type intersection is analyzed. The simulation results show that the existence of U shape turn will deteriorate the traffic condition of the intersection and make the intersection congestion range when the vehicle inflow rate is large. The effect of U shape turning in different directions has different effects on traffic conditions at the intersection, and the most important is the U shape turn on the lateral lane of the main road. (4) the influence of different driving behavior on the traffic flow characteristics of the X type intersection. The vehicle operation is simulated with the NaSch model, and the driving behavior of the vehicle is assumed to be transferred. It follows the Weibull distribution, introduces the idea of game theory to solve the conflict problem of vehicles with different driving behavior at the intersection, and constructs a X type intersection simulation model. Through numerical simulation, the influence of different driving behavior on the traffic flow characteristics of the X type intersection is analyzed and studied. The simulation results show that the driver's violation behavior is bad. The traffic condition of the main road improves the traffic condition of the branch. However, the existence of the violators will reduce the safety of the intersection, produce more traffic conflicts and traffic accidents, and lead to the congestion and even paralysis of the intersection. The flow rate increases nonlinear with the increase of the vehicle inflow rate. (5) the traffic characteristics and the non interference characteristics of the mixed bicycle flow at the intersection. Based on the consideration of the behavior of cycling, self protection and overtaking, a new hybrid bicycle cellular automaton model is proposed. The mixed bicycle is studied by numerical simulation. The traffic characteristics of the vehicle flow and the density velocity diagram of the bicycle flow are obtained. The results show that the model can simulate the movement of the mixed bicycle flow well, and can reflect some phenomena observed in the actual traffic. On the basis of this model, the non interference model at the intersection is put forward, and the machine is studied by numerical simulation. Interference characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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