面向VISSIM的交通仿真基础数据调查与设置优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 22:13

【摘要】：交通仿真必须依靠详实的调查数据,正确的基础路网设置方法和合适的运动模型参数标定,才能真实的再现和模拟交通现象。目前的相关研究大部分是针对运动模型进行标定的,而且基本上是基于较早版本进行的,注重相关理论研究。对如何进行系统完善的获得具有可验证性交通数据的交通调查,如何进行正确的基础仿真设置操作研究较少,且尚无对中国混合交通系统一些特定问题进行仿真设置的系统总结。一线工作人员缺少一套可直接用于指导仿真实践的系统实用的交通仿真参数标定方法。本文针基于较高的软件版本,在交通调查设计与实施、基础仿真设置方法、运动模型标定方法三个方面进行研究,希望系统总结一套实用的优化设置方法,为一线交通仿真工作人员所用。交通调查设计与实施。通过大量的调查实践,系统总结了为交通仿真系统提供数据的交通调查方法。在调查准备及仪器布设方法上,提出采用视频摄像法与人工调查相结合的方法,并详细介绍了调查中不同路况需要的人员、设备,及其安排与布设。针对仿真中需要的流量、车速、信号配时等数据给出了的实用的数据采集方法,使交通调查可以顺利采集到交通仿真系统所需数据。通过本方法采集的数据具有可验证性,避免了现场采集误差无法纠正的问题。基础仿真设置方法。针对道路渠化及交通标志、交通流、交通管制、延误检测四个方面在软件中的标定设置方法进行研究。在道路渠化、交通标志方面研究了机非混行道路在仿真中的分割方法;连接器的原理及连接方法;左转待时区在仿真中的设置。在交通流方面主要对多性能车道的路径决策进行研究;以及仿真中的车速分布设置进行研究。在交通管制方面对信号配时及交叉口冲突进行研究。在延误检测方面主要对延误检测区段及仿真开始时路网填充时段的舍去进行研究。针对目前中国混合交通的一些特殊问题,如电动自行车和自行车高低速混合行驶的问题,自行车左转二次过街问题,行人信号的迟起早断问题,一一给出了设置方法和应注意的问题。运动模型标定方法。主要针对机动车的驾驶行为模型参数进行标定,对非机动车的情况进行了定性分析。运动模型参数标定方面所引用的数学方法与较多研究相同,但研究对象不同。大多数学者分析了跟车模型的参数以及部分车道变换模型参数,本论文对全部的车道变换模型参数(最大减速度、-1 m/s2的距离、可接受的减速度、消失前的等待时间、安全距离折减系数、协调刹车的最大减速度),横向行为参数、信号控制参数(降低系数、开始于停车线上游、开始于停车线下游)进行研究,研究情况更加全面。通过取值分析并进行正交试验,最终确定参数的取值范围,达到了标定的目的。本文基于较高版本的仿真软件,通过对交通调查方法,基础仿真设置方法,运动模型标定方法三个方面上的研究,得到一套实用的VISSIM仿真优化设置方法,在方法中兼顾了目前中国混合交通的特色,并用实例证明了标定方法的有效性。与以往相关研究相比,该方法总结了可进行数据验证的交通调查方法,正确的基础路网设置方法,注重系统实用,总结分析了较多以前研究中简化了的具体操作问题,其作用可相当于一线交通仿真人员的操作手册。对于推动交通仿真工作的普及,推动交通仿真工作精度的进一步提升,具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:The traffic simulation must rely on the detailed investigation data, the correct basic road network setting method and the appropriate motion model parameter calibration, can the real reappear and simulate the traffic phenomenon. The current related research is mostly based on the calibration of the motion model, and is basically based on the earlier version, paying attention to the related theory research. There is little research on how to obtain the traffic data with verifiable traffic data and how to carry out the correct basic simulation setting operation, and there is no systematic summary of the simulation setting of some specific problems in China's mixed traffic system. Based on the high software version, this paper studies the traffic investigation design and implementation, the basic simulation setting method and the motion model calibration method in three aspects. It is hoped that the system will summarize a set of practical optimization methods for the one line traffic simulation staff. Through a large number of investigation and practice, this paper systematically summarizes the traffic investigation method which provides data for the traffic simulation system. In the investigation preparation and equipment layout methods, the method of combining video camera with artificial investigation is put forward, and the personnel, equipment, arrangement and layout of different road conditions in the investigation are introduced in detail. The practical data acquisition methods are given in the actual data, such as traffic, speed, signal timing and other data, so that the traffic investigation can be successfully collected to the data required for the traffic simulation system. The data collected through this method are verifiable and avoid the problem that the field acquisition error can not be corrected. The basic simulation setting method is aimed at road channelization. The method of calibration setting in four aspects of traffic signs, traffic signs, traffic flow, traffic control and delay detection is studied. In the aspect of road channelization and traffic signs, the segmentation method of the non mixed road in the simulation is studied, the principle and connection method of the connector, the setting of the left turn to the time zone in the simulation, and the main traffic flow in the aspect of traffic flow. Research on path decision of performance lane; research on speed distribution setting in simulation. Research on signal timing and intersection conflict in traffic control. In the aspect of delay detection, we mainly study the delay detection section and the filling period of road network at the start of simulation. Some special problems, such as the problem of high and low speed mixed driving of electric bicycles and bicycles, two times on the left turn of bicycles and the delay of pedestrian signal, give the setting method and the problem that should be paid attention to one by one. The calibration method of the motion model is mainly used to calibrate the driving behavior model parameters of the motor vehicle, and to the non motor vehicle. The mathematical method cited in the parameter calibration of the motion model is the same as that of more research, but the research object is different. Most scholars have analyzed the parameters of the car heel model and the parameters of the partial lane change model. The total number of lane change models (maximum subtraction, -1 m/s2 distance) is acceptable. The speed reduction, the waiting time before the disappearance, the safety distance reduction coefficient, the maximum reducing speed of the brake, the lateral behavior parameters, the signal control parameters (the reduction coefficient, the upstream of the parking line, the downstream of the parking line) are studied and the research situation is more comprehensive. The value of the parameters is determined by the value analysis and the orthogonal test. In this paper, based on the higher version of the simulation software, through the research on three aspects of the traffic investigation method, the basic simulation setting method and the motion model calibration method, a set of practical VISSIM simulation optimization setting method is obtained. In the method, the characteristics of the mixed traffic in China are also taken into account, and the example is proved by an example. Compared with the previous research, the method summarizes the traffic investigation method which can be verified by the data, the correct basic road network setting method, the system practicality, and the analysis of the simplified operation problems in the previous studies, which can be used as the operation manual of the front-line traffic simulator. It is of positive significance to promote the popularization of traffic simulation and further improve the accuracy of traffic simulation.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【相似文献】