福州市三环路入口交通流特性及控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 09:23

【摘要】：经济社会的快速发展使得人民生活水平不断提高,机动车保有量逐年增加,而交通基础设施的建设速度滞后于出行需求的增长速度,致使城市交通拥挤问题突出,交通治理问题面临"头痛医头,脚痛医脚"的尴尬局面。入口作为福州市三环路与其他等级道路相互联系的交通瓶颈,是城市交通发生拥挤的重要区域,该区域的交通运行状况严重影响福州市三环路通行效率的发挥,因此有必要深入研究福州市三环路入口交通流特性,采用合理、实用的交通管理与控制技术来解决城市交通拥挤问题。首先,论文总结国内外对快速路交通流特性及控制技术的研究成果,分析其主要研究方法;采用交通波理论对入口车辆运行特性进行定性分析,阐述城市快速路入口匝道控制的原理、采用条件及其主要方法。其次,根据入口区域的研究需要确定研究方法,在该方法的指导下,采用无人机进行数据采集获取大量交通流数据;基于福州市三环路入口区域的交通实测数据,分析并绘制各观测区域不同车道交通流三参数时变特性图和入口匝道车辆运行轨迹图,从车道的角度分析两个不同类型入口各区域的交通流参数时变特性,并对入口匝道车辆运行轨迹特性进行分析。结果表明:(1)内侧、中间2条车道在流量与密度上呈现出相似的变化规律,而其流量和密度分布总是大于外侧车道;(2)外侧车道的速度波动性变化大于内侧、中间2条车道;(3)3个区域的交通流基本参数存在明显的振荡特性,而合流区和下游区的交通流基本参数变化规律表现出一定的相似特征;(4)入口匝道车流汇入对主路各车道的影响大小的顺序依次为外侧车道、中间车道、内侧车道。最后,从交通冲突、出入口管理的角度出发,提出入口控制技术,即在加速车道与外侧车道之间采用隔离护栏对福州市三环路入口进行交通控制;并采用VISSIM软件对入口控制技术进行交通仿真,通过定量对比控制技术采用前后控制效果,验证入口控制技术的实用性与有效性。仿真结果显示:地面辅路型入口宜采用50 m长的隔离护栏,可缩短行程时间10.22%;立交匝道型入口宜采用45 m长的隔离护栏,可缩短行程时间13.41%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, the people's living standard is improving, the number of motor vehicles is increasing year by year, and the construction speed of transportation infrastructure lags behind the increasing speed of travel demand, which makes the problem of urban traffic congestion prominent. Traffic management problems are faced with the embarrassing situation of "treating head and foot". As the traffic bottleneck between Fuzhou third Ring Road and other grade roads, entrance is an important area where urban traffic congestion occurs. The traffic condition in this area seriously affects the efficiency of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of traffic flow at the entrance of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou City, and adopt reasonable and practical traffic management and control technology to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. First of all, the paper summarizes the research results of expressway traffic flow characteristics and control technology at home and abroad, analyzes the main research methods, uses the traffic wave theory to qualitatively analyze the traffic characteristics of the entry vehicle. The principle, conditions and main methods of on-ramp control in urban expressway are described. Secondly, according to the research needs of the entrance area, the research method is determined. Under the guidance of this method, the UAV is used to collect a large number of traffic flow data; based on the traffic measurement data of the entrance area of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou, The time-varying characteristics of three parameters of traffic flow in different lanes and the track diagram of on-ramp vehicles in different lanes are analyzed and drawn, and the time-varying characteristics of traffic flow parameters in two different types of entry areas are analyzed from the view of lane. The characteristics of on-ramp vehicle track are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the flow and density of the two middle lanes are similar to those of the inner lane, and the distribution of the flow and density is always larger than that of the outside lane, and (2) the velocity fluctuation of the outside lane is larger than that of the inside lane. (3) the basic parameters of traffic flow in three areas have obvious oscillatory characteristics. The basic parameters of traffic flow in the confluence area and the downstream area show some similar characteristics. (4) the order of the traffic flow confluence on the main road is the outer lane, the middle lane and the inner lane. Finally, from the point of view of traffic conflict and entrance management, this paper puts forward the entrance control technology, that is, the use of isolated guardrail between the acceleration lane and the outside lane to control the entrance of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou; The traffic simulation of entrance control technology is carried out by using VISSIM software, and the practicability and validity of entrance control technology are verified by comparing the control effect before and after the control technology. The simulation results show that it is advisable to use 50 m long isolation guardrail at the entrance of the ground auxiliary road, which can shorten the travel time by 10.22 and 13.41% by using the 45 m long isolation barrier at the ramp entrance of the interchange.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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