城市道路环境下驾驶员应激响应视觉特性

发布时间：2018-07-16 09:15

【摘要】：研究表明,事故的发生与驾驶人突遇紧急的突发事件密切相关。在驾驶人驾驶过程中,如果对紧急事件没有做好心理准备,或者在紧急事件发生后,驾驶人对周围交通环境观察不够,判断失误,容易造成事故。因此,研究驾驶人在紧急情况下的应激反应,对于改善道路交通安全有着重大的意义。而研究表明,百分之八十以上的信息是通过视觉获得的,因此研究驾驶人在应激反应下的视觉特性,是研究驾驶人应激反应的重要部分。本文通过进行理论分析和试验验证,对驾驶人在应激反应时的视觉特性进行了研究。本文进行了多次试验,通过采用澳大利亚的SeeingMachines公司所生产的FaceLAB 5眼动仪对驾驶人的眼球运动行为进行追踪,采集其眼动行为特征数据,并根据国内外研究以及实际路面情况,对发生应激情形过程中驾驶人的注视区域进行划分。随后本文对比了驾驶人在试验场中在不同车速下应激响应前和应激响应时的眼动情况、驾驶人在城市道路应激响应时的眼动情况以及驾驶人在高速公路应激响应时的眼动情况,并且对这些情景中的视觉特性进行了比较,找出差异存在的原因。本文随后根据统计的数据,计算了目光注视点在不同区域的转移概率,并且试着解释了跨区域扫视这种扫视模式对于危险度的关系。结果表明,在试验场中随着车速升高,驾驶人更多采用制动的方式避险,在应激响应时的扫视频率以及扫视速度与应激响应前比较都会上升,而眨眼频率会下降。驾驶人在试验场应激响应时的扫视频率和眨眼频率会随着危险程度下降而下降。而驾驶人的注视点范围,在车速较低时,比驾驶人在应激响应前的注视点范围大,而随着车速升高,注视点范围缩小。驾驶人在试验场中应激响应前的扫视幅度和扫视速度都比应激响应时的小。驾驶人在城市道路和高速公路应激响应前的眨眼频率大于应激响应时,而扫视频率小于应激响应时。并且在城市道路上应激响应前的扫视幅度小于应激响应时的扫视幅度,而在高速公路上应激响应前的扫视幅度大于应激响应时的扫视幅度,两种情形,驾驶人的扫视速度都比应激响应前增加。驾驶人右侧出现物体,车辆左侧车道和当前车道的信息是非常重要的。驾驶人在试验场应激响应时随着车速变高,注视点的转移路径种类增加,视线灵活性变好,视线更活跃。并且随着车速升高,驾驶人对左右侧车道的关注程度上升,并且驾驶人对于左侧车道的关注程度大于右侧车道。比较驾驶人在城市道路和高速公路应激响应时与在应激响应前的情形,驾驶人在应激响应时其视线更灵活.驾驶人在城市道路发生应激响应时,与应激响应前相比较对于当前车、左后视镜和右侧车道的关注程度上升。驾驶人在高速公路发生应激响应时,与应激响应前相比对于当前车道和右侧车道的关注程度上升,而对左侧车道和左后视镜的关注程度下降。本研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目(51178053)和教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1286)的资助。
[Abstract]:The study shows that the accident is closely related to the sudden emergency of the driver. In the driver's driving process, if the emergency incident is not prepared, or when the emergency happens, the driver is not enough to observe the surrounding traffic environment, misjudge and cause an accident. Therefore, the driver is studied in an emergency. Under the stress response, it is of great significance to improve road traffic safety. And the study shows that more than eighty percent of the information is obtained through the vision, so the study of the driver's visual characteristics under the stress response is an important part of the study of the driver's stress response. The visual characteristics of the people were studied during the stress response. In this paper, a number of experiments were carried out to track the driver's eye movement behavior by using the FaceLAB 5 eye movement instrument produced by the Australian SeeingMachines company, and collect the characteristics of its eye movements. In the process of passion, the driver's gaze area is divided. Then, the eye movement of the driver in the test field before the stress response and the stress response are compared, the eye movement of the driver on the urban road stress response and the eye movement of the driver in the stress response of the motorway are also compared. The visual characteristics in the scene are compared, and the reasons for the difference are found. Then, based on the statistical data, this paper calculates the transfer probability of eye gaze points in different regions, and tries to explain the relationship between the cross region saccade and the risk degree. The result shows that in the test field, with the speed of car increasing, the driver is more. The rate of sweeping video and the speed of the scavenging and the stress response will increase while the blink frequency decreases. The driver's scan rate and blink frequency decrease with the degree of danger in the stress response of the test field. The driver's gaze point range is large before the stress response, but as the speed increases, the range of the fixation point decreases. The driver's saccade amplitude and saccade speed are smaller than the stress response in the test field. The driver's blink frequency before the urban road and the expressway stress response is larger than the stress response, but the rate of scanning video is small. In response to stress response, the range of saccades is less than the stress response before stress response on the urban road, and the range of saccade amplitude is greater than that of stress response before stress response on the highway. The two cases, the driver's saccade speed is higher than before the stress response. The driver appears on the right side of the vehicle, the vehicle is on the right side. The information of the left lane and the current lane is very important. The driver's response to the stress response in the test field increases with the speed of the vehicle, the shift path of the gaze point increases, the vision flexibility becomes better, and the line of sight is more active. And with the speed of the driver, the driver's attention to the left and right lane rises and the driver's side lane is closed. The driver is more flexible in the stress response of the driver in the stress response of the city road and the highway and before the stress response. When the driver responds to the stress response of the city road, the driver is concerned with the current car, the left rear view mirror and the right lane when compared with the stress response. During the stress response of the motorway, the attention of the driver to the current lane and the right lane is rising, while the attention to the left lane and the left rearview mirror is down. This study has been obtained by the National Natural Science Foundation (51178053) and the Yangtze River scholar and the innovation team development project of the Ministry of education. (IRT1286) funding.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

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