闽东北廊桥景观分析与评价研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 13:44

【摘要】：闽东北廊桥是闽东北地区地标性建筑之一,承载着丰富的历史、文化和艺术价值。随着城镇化进程的加快以及科学技术的发展,该地区的许多廊桥由于缺乏保护正在遭受破坏,甚至消失,因此廊桥的保护迫在眉睫。当前关于廊桥的研究主要集中在廊桥美学、廊桥与人居环境的关系、廊桥的建筑文化、廊桥民间信仰等方面。鲜有从廊桥景观的角度进行分析研究,本研究在大量田野调查的基础上,从廊桥景观的角度,采用层次分析法,结合调查问卷对闽东北廊桥进行分析研究,旨在为闽东北地区乃至全国各地的廊桥保护工作提供理论参考。主要结果如下:(1)通过田野调查以及文献资料的归纳整理,从自然和人文两个方面阐述了闽东北廊桥的成因,分析提取闽东北廊桥景观的构成要素,包括地形地貌景观、水体景观、植物景观和气候天象景观4个自然景观要素;廊屋、桥架、桥台等16个人文景观要素。(2)从自然景观和人文景观2个方面选取地形地貌景观、水体景观、植物景观等10个指标构成要素层,选取地形高差变化、破碎情况、水体形态等35个指标构成指标层,建立系统的闽东北廊桥景观评价体系。综合评价层中,人文景观(0.7880)指标所占的权重值明显大于自然景观(0.2120)。在项目评价层中,廊桥本体要素所占的权重最大,为0.3173。在因子评价层中,廊屋因子所占的权重值最大,为 0.1233。(3)在构建闽东北廊桥景观评价体系的基础上,对实地调查的闽东北60座廊桥进行综合评价,根据评价结果将60座廊桥分为3个等级;第一级评价得分在3.5分以上。综合景观效果非常好,分别是万安桥、鸾峰桥、百祥桥、杨梅州桥、千乘桥等10座廊桥;第二级评价得分在3.0-3.5分。综合景观效果好,分别是红军桥、升仙桥、小东上桥、广利桥、广福桥等18座廊桥;第三级评价得分在3分以下。综合景观效果一般,分别是飞马桥、古厦花桥、双全桥、新康水尾廊桥、尤溪桥等32座廊桥。最终根据评价分析结果以及廊桥现状问题提出闽东北廊桥保护和发展的优化策略。
[Abstract]:Northeastern Fujian Langqiao is one of the landmarks in Northeast Fujian, carrying rich historical, cultural and artistic values. With the acceleration of urbanization and the development of science and technology, many covered bridges in this area are being destroyed or even disappeared due to lack of protection, so the protection of covered bridges is imminent. At present, the research on the bridge is mainly focused on the aesthetics of the bridge, the relationship between the bridge and the living environment, the architectural culture of the bridge, the folk belief of the bridge, and so on. Few studies are carried out from the perspective of the bridge landscape. Based on a large number of field investigations, this study uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the questionnaire to analyze the bridge in the northeast of Fujian Province, from the perspective of the landscape of the bridge, and from the perspective of the landscape of the bridge, the paper analyzes and studies the bridge in northeast Fujian Province. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical reference for the protection of bridges in northeast Fujian and all parts of the country. The main results are as follows: (1) through field investigation and literature review, this paper expounds the causes of formation of the bridge in northeast Fujian from the aspects of nature and humanity, and analyzes and extracts the elements of landscape of the bridge in northeast Fujian, including the landscape of topography and geomorphology. Water landscape, plant landscape and climatic sky landscape are 4 natural landscape elements, corridor house, bridge frame, bridge abutment and other 16 human landscape elements. (2) from the natural landscape and human landscape two aspects of topographical landscape, water landscape, Ten indexes, such as plant landscape, were selected to form the key layer, and 35 indexes, such as topographic height difference, fragmentation and water form, were selected to establish a systematic landscape evaluation system of Langqiao in Northeast Fujian. In the comprehensive evaluation layer, the weight value of humanistic landscape (0.7880) is obviously higher than that of natural landscape (0.2120). In the evaluation layer of the project, the weight of the main elements of the bridge is the largest, which is 0.3173. In the factor evaluation layer, the factor of corridor house occupies the largest weight value, which is 0.1233. (3) on the basis of constructing the landscape evaluation system of Langqiao bridge in northeast Fujian, the comprehensive evaluation of 60 covered bridges in northeast Fujian Province is carried out. According to the evaluation results, 60 bridges were divided into three grades, and the first grade was above 3.5. The comprehensive landscape effect is very good, they are Wanan Bridge, Luanfeng Bridge, Baixiang Bridge, Yangmeizhou Bridge, Thousand Ride Bridge, etc. The second stage evaluation score is 3.0-3.5 points. The comprehensive landscape effect is good, they are Red Army Bridge, Shengxian Bridge, Xiaodong Shangqiao, Guangli Bridge, Guangfu Bridge and so on. Comprehensive landscape effect is general, respectively is the Pegasus Bridge, Guxia Flower Bridge, Shuangquan Bridge, Xinkang Watertail Corridor Bridge, Youxi Bridge and other 32 covered bridges. Finally, according to the evaluation and analysis results and the current situation of the bridge, the optimization strategy for the protection and development of the bridge in northeast Fujian is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U448.1

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