地铁区间隧道半横向通风排烟效果的影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 15:00
【摘要】：地铁隧道是一个狭长且较为封闭的空间,与外界的连通口有限。如果列车在区间隧道中部着火且无法行驶到下一站的情况下,火灾产生的大量高温烟气将会对乘客的生命安全构成严重的威胁。地铁隧道排烟系统就是将火灾产生的烟气及时的排出,给乘客一个较为安全的疏散空间。纵向排烟方式是目前最为常见的地铁隧道排烟方式,但这种方式有一个弊端,就是当列车中部着火的时候,无论从哪一侧排烟,总有一部分乘客置于烟气之中。为了解决这一问题,人们提出全横向排烟和半横向排烟两种方式。全横向排烟方式由于投资较大,占用隧道空间较多,故很少采用。半横向排烟方式具有其它两种排烟方式的优点,能保证绝大部分乘客不被烟气湮没,是一种较为理想的地铁区间隧道排烟方式。本文假定列车车厢中部着火且无法继续行驶的情况下,利用数值模拟与实验两种方法研究排烟道高度、排烟口开启个数以及排烟风速对半横向通风排烟方式排烟效果的影响。本文选取某地铁区间隧道为原型,根据弗诺德模型,建立了比例为1:10的模型隧道,模型隧道长15m,断面尺寸为0.72m×0.48m。此外,本文利用FDS数值模拟软件建立了全尺寸地铁区间隧道物理模型,对地铁区间隧道半横向通风排烟的排烟效果进行了数值模拟研究。具体研究包括以下内容:1)建立了比例为1:10的地铁区间隧道模型实验台,研究了火源强度为5MW时,烟气自然填充、自然通风排烟和半横向通风排烟的排烟效果。2)利用实验方法研究了火源强度为5MW时,不同排烟道高度、排烟口开启个数及排烟风速对半横向通风排烟效果的影响。3)利用FDS软件数值模拟研究了自然填充、自然通风排烟和半横向通风排烟这三种排烟方式下的烟气蔓延情况、隧道温度和CO浓度的分布情况,并且对比了数值模拟结果和实验结果下的顶棚温度和人眼特征高度处的温度,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。此外,利用FDS数值模拟研究了不同排烟道高度、排烟口开启个数及排烟风速对半横向通风排烟效果的影响。
[Abstract]:Subway tunnel is a narrow and relatively closed space with limited access to the outside world. If the train is on fire in the middle of the tunnel and can not reach the next station, the fire will cause a great deal of high temperature smoke, which will pose a serious threat to the safety of passengers. The smoke exhaust system of subway tunnel is to exhaust the smoke produced by fire in time to give passengers a safe evacuation space. Longitudinal smoke exhaust is the most common way to exhaust smoke in subway tunnel at present, but there is a drawback that when the middle of the train is on fire, no matter which side of the train is on fire, some passengers are always put into the smoke. In order to solve this problem, people put forward two types of smoke exhaust: full-lateral and semi-lateral. Because of the large investment and the more space occupied by tunnel, the all-lateral smoke exhaust mode is seldom used. The semi-lateral exhaust mode has the advantages of the other two ways, which can ensure that most of the passengers will not be annihilated by smoke, so it is an ideal way to exhaust smoke from subway tunnel. In this paper, under the assumption that the middle part of the train car is on fire and can not go on, the influence of flue height, the number of flue openings open and the exhaust wind speed on the smoke exhaust effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust mode is studied by numerical simulation and experiment. In this paper, a tunnel in a subway section is selected as the prototype. According to the Vernon model, a model tunnel with a ratio of 1:10 is established. The length of the model tunnel is 15m and the section size is 0.72m 脳 0.48m. In addition, the physical model of full-scale subway tunnel is established by using FDS software, and the smoke exhaust effect of semi-lateral ventilation in subway tunnel is studied numerically. The specific research includes the following contents: 1) A subway tunnel model test bench with a ratio of 1:10 has been established, and the natural filling of smoke when the intensity of the fire source is 5MW is studied. The effect of natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation on exhaust smoke. 2) using the experimental method to study the different flue heights when the intensity of fire source is 5MW. The influence of the number of smoke outlet opening and the exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust smoke. 3) using FDS software to simulate the smoke spread of natural filling, natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation. The distribution of tunnel temperature and CO concentration is compared with the results of numerical simulation and experimental results. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by comparing the temperature of roof and the temperature at the characteristic height of human eyes. In addition, FDS numerical simulation was used to study the effects of different flue height, number of flue opening and exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U231.5;U453.5
本文编号：2141749
[Abstract]:Subway tunnel is a narrow and relatively closed space with limited access to the outside world. If the train is on fire in the middle of the tunnel and can not reach the next station, the fire will cause a great deal of high temperature smoke, which will pose a serious threat to the safety of passengers. The smoke exhaust system of subway tunnel is to exhaust the smoke produced by fire in time to give passengers a safe evacuation space. Longitudinal smoke exhaust is the most common way to exhaust smoke in subway tunnel at present, but there is a drawback that when the middle of the train is on fire, no matter which side of the train is on fire, some passengers are always put into the smoke. In order to solve this problem, people put forward two types of smoke exhaust: full-lateral and semi-lateral. Because of the large investment and the more space occupied by tunnel, the all-lateral smoke exhaust mode is seldom used. The semi-lateral exhaust mode has the advantages of the other two ways, which can ensure that most of the passengers will not be annihilated by smoke, so it is an ideal way to exhaust smoke from subway tunnel. In this paper, under the assumption that the middle part of the train car is on fire and can not go on, the influence of flue height, the number of flue openings open and the exhaust wind speed on the smoke exhaust effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust mode is studied by numerical simulation and experiment. In this paper, a tunnel in a subway section is selected as the prototype. According to the Vernon model, a model tunnel with a ratio of 1:10 is established. The length of the model tunnel is 15m and the section size is 0.72m 脳 0.48m. In addition, the physical model of full-scale subway tunnel is established by using FDS software, and the smoke exhaust effect of semi-lateral ventilation in subway tunnel is studied numerically. The specific research includes the following contents: 1) A subway tunnel model test bench with a ratio of 1:10 has been established, and the natural filling of smoke when the intensity of the fire source is 5MW is studied. The effect of natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation on exhaust smoke. 2) using the experimental method to study the different flue heights when the intensity of fire source is 5MW. The influence of the number of smoke outlet opening and the exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation and exhaust smoke. 3) using FDS software to simulate the smoke spread of natural filling, natural ventilation and semi-transverse ventilation. The distribution of tunnel temperature and CO concentration is compared with the results of numerical simulation and experimental results. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by comparing the temperature of roof and the temperature at the characteristic height of human eyes. In addition, FDS numerical simulation was used to study the effects of different flue height, number of flue opening and exhaust wind speed on the effect of semi-transverse ventilation.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U231.5;U453.5
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