车载GPR检测高铁隧道的试验研究
发布时间：2018-07-26 15:21
【摘要】：我国高速铁路发展迅速。由于高铁隧道的特殊性和隐蔽性,对衬砌结构内部质量缺陷和病害难以实时检测和识别,而车载探地雷达远距离检测新技术具有高效快速大面积检测的优势,运用到高铁隧道质量普查和病害检测中可以获得高铁隧道直观的结构剖面图,具有广阔的应用前景。目前有关远距离检测高铁隧道衬砌及背后状态的理论和实践,还处于前期研究阶段,因此本文基于车载探地雷达技术,开展远距离检测高铁隧道衬砌状态的试验研究,对保障高速铁路隧道运营安全具有重要意义。铁路车载探地雷达隧道检测系统采用空气耦合天线,天线与衬砌表面之间有一定的距离。检测过程中,电磁波在空气中存在扩散(几何)衰减,在隧道衬砌与围岩中存在吸收衰减。本文围绕车载探地雷达电磁波这两大衰减特性展开研究。通过数据统计、数值仿真、室外试验等手段,寻找车载探地雷达电磁波在隧道衬砌与围岩中的吸收衰减规律,分析电磁波在空气中的几何衰减对车载探地雷达探测深度的影响,为车载探地雷达检测高铁隧道衬砌状态提供理论依据,主要工作(贡献)如下:(1)基于两种车载检测工况,分析了高铁隧道远距离车载检测条件,天线到衬砌表面的距离需要3m～4m,从而确立了车载探地雷达检测高铁隧道的基本要求和条件。(2)基于既有线车载探地雷达隧道检测数据,选取襄渝二线、西康线和阳安线的33座隧道作为统计数据的样本来源,应用最小二乘法原理拟合得到188组衬砌—围岩的电磁波衰减系数,在95%的置信条件下估计了 300MHz天线隧道衬砌—围岩的衰减系数是0.867～0.9,它是探究300MHz天线的车载探地雷达系统检测高铁隧道有效探测深度的基础。(3)围绕车载探地雷达检测高铁隧道的基本要求和条件,开展了室外测试实验,研究车载GPR-300MHz天线在不同测试距离工况下的振幅响应衰减曲线及有效探测深度,从而得到天线与衬砌表面之间空气中的几何衰减对车载探地雷达探测深度的影响;以数值仿真雷达图像和远距离测试工况雷达图谱为依托,根据衰减理论和实验结果,得出高铁隧道检测距离与检测深度之间的关系:当检测距离由1m逐渐过渡到4m时,有效探测深度由2.61m减小到0.98m。当天线位于高速铁路机车车辆限界以内时,200km/h客货共线铁路隧道,拱顶至天线辐射面距离2.85m～3.70m,最小检测深度1.0m～1.4m;250km/h客运专线隧道,拱顶至天线辐射面距离3.25m～3.88m,最小检测深度约1.0m;350km/h客运专线铁路双线隧道,拱顶至天线辐射面距离不低于3.98m,最小检测深度约0.9m。可评价设计时速200km客货共线的单线隧道的衬砌围岩状态,而其它时速的高铁隧道探测深度较浅,只能评价衬砌层状态。(4)针对高铁隧道远距离测试工况,研究车载探地雷达信号增强技术,提出在数据采集时进行多次累加的思想,有效补偿了因天线离隧道壁距离增大而造成的扩散损失。放大了深层回波信号,通过室外实验,累加次数越多,深层回波信号增强效果越明显。当累加参数为4,天线离衬砌表面4m时,探测深度从衬砌表面算起1.5m,可评价各时速公里高速铁路隧道(200～350km/h)的衬砌及浅部围岩状态。但是累加次数越多,测试速度越慢,建议累加次数为4,既能满足衬砌结构及浅部围岩病害普查的要求,又能保持较高的采集速度。(5)基于两种车载检测工况,提出了高铁隧道远距离车载检测条件,得出了对于单线隧道可进行全断面检测,双线隧道可单边往复检测的车载GPR远距离检测方案。设计了一套高铁隧道远距离检测天线基座与固定方法,研究成果依托可进入高铁线路的轨道板车作为天线基座安装的对象,具体给出了固定方法的解决方案。此外,这种支撑方式可满足地铁隧道、公路隧道及其他地下洞室的快速检测,拓宽了车载探地雷达系统的应用范围。本研究对车载探地雷达应用于高铁隧道质量检测及病害普查提供了重要的依据和研究方向。
[Abstract]:The high-speed railway in China has developed rapidly. Due to the particularity and concealment of the high speed railway tunnel, it is difficult to detect and identify the defects of the internal quality and disease of the lining structure in real time, and the new technology of remote detection of the vehicle on the vehicle has the advantage of high efficiency and rapid and large area detection. It can be used in high speed railway tunnel quality survey and disease detection. The visual structure section of the iron tunnel has a broad application prospect. At present, the theory and practice of detecting the lining and behind the state of the high speed railway tunnel with the close distance distance are still in the early stage of study. Therefore, this paper is based on the vehicle mounted ground penetrating radar technology to carry out the experimental study on the lining state of the high speed railway tunnel for long distance detection, and to ensure the high speed railway tunnel. There is a certain distance between the air coupled antenna and the surface of the lining. During the detection process, the electromagnetic wave exists in the air (geometry) attenuation and attenuation in the tunnel lining and surrounding rock. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic wave of the vehicle ground penetrating radar. The two attenuation characteristics are studied. Through data statistics, numerical simulation, outdoor test and other means, the absorption attenuation law of the electromagnetic wave in the tunnel lining and surrounding rock is found, and the influence of the electromagnetic wave attenuation in the air on the detection depth of the vehicle ground penetrating radar is analyzed, and the vehicle ground penetrating radar is used to detect the lining of the high speed tunnel. The main work provides the theoretical basis, and the main work (contribution) is as follows: (1) based on the two vehicle detection conditions, the long distance vehicle detection conditions of the high speed railway tunnel are analyzed. The distance between the antenna to the lining surface needs 3m to 4m, thus the basic requirements and conditions for the vehicle detection of the high speed railway tunnel are established. (2) based on the existing railway ground penetrating radar tunnel The 33 tunnels of Xiangyu line, Xikang line and Yang 'an line are selected as the sample sources of statistical data, and the electromagnetic wave attenuation coefficient of 188 sets of lining rock is obtained by using the least square method. The attenuation coefficient of 300MHz tunnel lining wall rock is 0.867 ~ 0.9 under the 95% confidence condition. It is to explore 300M The ground penetrating radar system of the Hz antenna is used to detect the effective detection depth of the high speed railway tunnel. (3) around the basic requirements and conditions of the vehicular ground penetrating radar to detect the high speed railway tunnel, the outdoor test experiments are carried out to study the amplitude response attenuation curve and the effective detection depth of the vehicle GPR-300MHz antenna under different test range conditions. The influence of the geometric attenuation between the antenna and the lining surface on the detection depth of the vehicle ground penetrating radar; based on the radar image of the numerical simulation radar and the radar Atlas of the long distance test conditions, the relationship between the detection distance and the detection depth of the high speed railway tunnel is obtained according to the attenuation theory and the experimental results: the detection distance is gradually transferred from 1m to 4m When the effective detection depth is reduced from 2.61M to 0.98m., when the antenna is within the speed limit of high-speed railway vehicles, the 200km/h passenger and Freight Co line tunnel, the distance from the vault to the antenna radiation surface is 2.85m to 3.70M, the minimum detection depth is 1.0m to 1.4m, and the 250km/h Passenger Dedicated Line tunnel, the distance between the vault and the antenna is 3.25m to 3.88M, and the minimum detection depth is about 1.. 0m; 350km/h passenger dedicated line railway double line tunnel, the distance from the vault to the antenna radiation surface is not less than 3.98M, and the minimum detection depth is about 0.9m. to evaluate the surrounding rock state of the lining of the single line tunnel with 200km passenger and Freight Co line at the speed of 200km, while the other high speed tunnel detection depth is shallow and can only evaluate the lining layer state. (4) long distance measurement for the high speed railway tunnel In the test condition, the signal enhancement technology of the vehicle ground penetrating radar is studied. The idea of multiple accumulation in the data acquisition is proposed, which effectively compensates the diffusion loss caused by the increase of the distance between the tunnel wall and the tunnel wall. The deep echo signal is amplified by the outdoor experiment. The more accumulative times, the more obvious enhancement effect of the deep echo signal. For 4, when the antenna is 4m from the lining surface, the depth of detection is 1.5m from the lining surface, which can evaluate the lining and the state of the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel (200 ~ 350km/h) at each speed kilometer, but the more accumulative times, the slower the test speed is, the number of additional times is 4, which can meet the requirements of the lining structure and the survey of the shallow surrounding rock diseases, and can be maintained. High speed of acquisition. (5) based on two vehicle detection conditions, the long distance vehicle detection conditions for the high speed railway tunnel are proposed. The vehicle GPR remote detection scheme for the single line tunnel can be detected in full section and the double line tunnel can be detected by single side reciprocating detection. A set of long distance detecting antenna base and fixed method for high speed tunnel is designed. The results rely on the rail board which can enter the high rail line as the object of the antenna base, and give the solution to the fixed method. In addition, this method can satisfy the rapid detection of the subway tunnel, highway tunnel and other underground caverns, and widens the application range of the vehicle ground penetrating radar system. Radar provides an important basis and research direction for quality inspection and disease screening of high speed railway tunnels.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U456
本文编号：2146434
[Abstract]:The high-speed railway in China has developed rapidly. Due to the particularity and concealment of the high speed railway tunnel, it is difficult to detect and identify the defects of the internal quality and disease of the lining structure in real time, and the new technology of remote detection of the vehicle on the vehicle has the advantage of high efficiency and rapid and large area detection. It can be used in high speed railway tunnel quality survey and disease detection. The visual structure section of the iron tunnel has a broad application prospect. At present, the theory and practice of detecting the lining and behind the state of the high speed railway tunnel with the close distance distance are still in the early stage of study. Therefore, this paper is based on the vehicle mounted ground penetrating radar technology to carry out the experimental study on the lining state of the high speed railway tunnel for long distance detection, and to ensure the high speed railway tunnel. There is a certain distance between the air coupled antenna and the surface of the lining. During the detection process, the electromagnetic wave exists in the air (geometry) attenuation and attenuation in the tunnel lining and surrounding rock. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic wave of the vehicle ground penetrating radar. The two attenuation characteristics are studied. Through data statistics, numerical simulation, outdoor test and other means, the absorption attenuation law of the electromagnetic wave in the tunnel lining and surrounding rock is found, and the influence of the electromagnetic wave attenuation in the air on the detection depth of the vehicle ground penetrating radar is analyzed, and the vehicle ground penetrating radar is used to detect the lining of the high speed tunnel. The main work provides the theoretical basis, and the main work (contribution) is as follows: (1) based on the two vehicle detection conditions, the long distance vehicle detection conditions of the high speed railway tunnel are analyzed. The distance between the antenna to the lining surface needs 3m to 4m, thus the basic requirements and conditions for the vehicle detection of the high speed railway tunnel are established. (2) based on the existing railway ground penetrating radar tunnel The 33 tunnels of Xiangyu line, Xikang line and Yang 'an line are selected as the sample sources of statistical data, and the electromagnetic wave attenuation coefficient of 188 sets of lining rock is obtained by using the least square method. The attenuation coefficient of 300MHz tunnel lining wall rock is 0.867 ~ 0.9 under the 95% confidence condition. It is to explore 300M The ground penetrating radar system of the Hz antenna is used to detect the effective detection depth of the high speed railway tunnel. (3) around the basic requirements and conditions of the vehicular ground penetrating radar to detect the high speed railway tunnel, the outdoor test experiments are carried out to study the amplitude response attenuation curve and the effective detection depth of the vehicle GPR-300MHz antenna under different test range conditions. The influence of the geometric attenuation between the antenna and the lining surface on the detection depth of the vehicle ground penetrating radar; based on the radar image of the numerical simulation radar and the radar Atlas of the long distance test conditions, the relationship between the detection distance and the detection depth of the high speed railway tunnel is obtained according to the attenuation theory and the experimental results: the detection distance is gradually transferred from 1m to 4m When the effective detection depth is reduced from 2.61M to 0.98m., when the antenna is within the speed limit of high-speed railway vehicles, the 200km/h passenger and Freight Co line tunnel, the distance from the vault to the antenna radiation surface is 2.85m to 3.70M, the minimum detection depth is 1.0m to 1.4m, and the 250km/h Passenger Dedicated Line tunnel, the distance between the vault and the antenna is 3.25m to 3.88M, and the minimum detection depth is about 1.. 0m; 350km/h passenger dedicated line railway double line tunnel, the distance from the vault to the antenna radiation surface is not less than 3.98M, and the minimum detection depth is about 0.9m. to evaluate the surrounding rock state of the lining of the single line tunnel with 200km passenger and Freight Co line at the speed of 200km, while the other high speed tunnel detection depth is shallow and can only evaluate the lining layer state. (4) long distance measurement for the high speed railway tunnel In the test condition, the signal enhancement technology of the vehicle ground penetrating radar is studied. The idea of multiple accumulation in the data acquisition is proposed, which effectively compensates the diffusion loss caused by the increase of the distance between the tunnel wall and the tunnel wall. The deep echo signal is amplified by the outdoor experiment. The more accumulative times, the more obvious enhancement effect of the deep echo signal. For 4, when the antenna is 4m from the lining surface, the depth of detection is 1.5m from the lining surface, which can evaluate the lining and the state of the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel (200 ~ 350km/h) at each speed kilometer, but the more accumulative times, the slower the test speed is, the number of additional times is 4, which can meet the requirements of the lining structure and the survey of the shallow surrounding rock diseases, and can be maintained. High speed of acquisition. (5) based on two vehicle detection conditions, the long distance vehicle detection conditions for the high speed railway tunnel are proposed. The vehicle GPR remote detection scheme for the single line tunnel can be detected in full section and the double line tunnel can be detected by single side reciprocating detection. A set of long distance detecting antenna base and fixed method for high speed tunnel is designed. The results rely on the rail board which can enter the high rail line as the object of the antenna base, and give the solution to the fixed method. In addition, this method can satisfy the rapid detection of the subway tunnel, highway tunnel and other underground caverns, and widens the application range of the vehicle ground penetrating radar system. Radar provides an important basis and research direction for quality inspection and disease screening of high speed railway tunnels.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U456
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