电动汽车充电站对配电网电能质量影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 14:27

【摘要】：新能源汽车发展的重要环节在于电动汽车充电的配套设施的建设。近些年,随着电动汽车的大量推广,电动汽车充电站的需求也在不断升高。然而,当充电站的建设达到一定数量时,会对电网造成较大的影响,同时会影响配电网的电能质量。本文从电动汽车充电站的角度出发,分析电动汽车接入配电网后产生的谐波影响及电压影响,对提高电能质量的措施进行合理的分析,为充电站的设计和建设提供理论支持。首先,本文搭建不同类型的电动汽车充电机仿真模型,并根据这些充电机模型建立三种电动汽车充电站模型:公交大巴车充电站仿真模型、商业楼宇集中充电站仿真模型以及居民小区集中充电站仿真模型。其次,根据非车载充电机及交流充电桩的不同充电特性,分析集中式充电的电动汽车充电站产生的谐波特性,研究其电流总谐波畸变率及各次谐波电流含有率的变化规律。针对具有随机特性的电动汽车充电负荷集中接入配电网造成电压的波动的问题,分析其产生的主要原因。最后根据仿真结果,通过加入无源滤波器、有源滤波器、无功补偿器等设备模型,改善不同类型充电站的电能质量,并对直流充电站与交流充电站电能质量改善结果作对比,从经济性及治理效果的角度出发,综合考虑抑制谐波及改善电压水平的措施,为后续相似作用的充电站建设提供依据。通过仿真分析可以得出:并联运行的电动汽车充电机相互间存在谐波抵消的作用。采用不可控整流的电动汽车充电站使用有源滤波器进行抑制经济性最好,既可以有效滤除谐波污染,又可以使电压波动减小。采用PWM整流的电动汽车充电站,只通过无源滤波器对特定次谐波进行治理即可达到较高的效果;若充电站规模较小时,可选用造价较高的PWM整流充电机;若充电站规模较大时,可选用不可控整流充电机配有源滤波器。
[Abstract]:The important link of the development of new energy vehicle lies in the construction of supporting facilities for electric vehicle charging. In recent years, with the extensive promotion of electric vehicles, the demand for charging stations of electric vehicles is also increasing. However, when the construction of charging stations reaches a certain number, it will have a great impact on the power grid, and will affect the power quality of the distribution network at the same time. From the point of view of electric vehicle charging station, this paper analyzes the harmonic and voltage effects of electric vehicle connected to the distribution network, and makes a reasonable analysis of the measures to improve the power quality, which provides theoretical support for the design and construction of the charging station. First of all, this paper builds different kinds of electric vehicle charger simulation model, and according to these models, establishes three kinds of electric vehicle charging station model: bus charging station simulation model. Commercial building centralized charging station simulation model and residential district centralized charging station simulation model. Secondly, according to the different charging characteristics of non-on-board charging machine and AC charging pile, the harmonic characteristics of the charging station of centralized charging electric vehicle are analyzed, and the variation law of the total harmonic distortion rate of current and the content rate of each harmonic current are studied. In order to solve the problem of voltage fluctuation caused by centralized charging load of electric vehicles with random characteristics, the main causes of voltage fluctuation are analyzed. Finally, according to the simulation results, by adding passive filter, active filter, reactive power compensator and other equipment models, the power quality of different types of charging stations is improved, and the results of improving the power quality of DC charging station and AC charging station are compared. From the point of view of economy and treatment effect, the measures of restraining harmonics and improving voltage level are considered synthetically, which can provide the basis for the construction of charging station with similar effect in the future. Through the simulation analysis, it can be concluded that the electric vehicle charging machine in parallel has the function of harmonic canceling between each other. It is better to use active filter to suppress the electric vehicle charging station with uncontrollable rectifier, which can filter the harmonic pollution effectively and reduce the voltage fluctuation. The electric vehicle charging station with PWM rectifier can achieve higher effect only through passive filter. If the scale of charging station is small, the PWM rectifier with high cost can be selected; if the charging station is large, Optional uncontrollable rectifier charger with source filter.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM711;U491.8

【参考文献】