纳米氧化锌改性沥青及其抗老化性能研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 15:56

【摘要】：针对目前沥青道路使用过程中因沥青老化导致各种病害的现状,提出以纳米ZnO作为改性剂来改善道路沥青的抗老化性能。设计纳米ZnO改性沥青中纳米ZnO的掺量范围,进行了基质沥青和纳米ZnO改性沥青一系列性能测试试验,主要包括三大性能指标测试、动态剪切流变性能测试(DSR)、紫外光吸收测试、分层离析试验等,分析了改性沥青性能变化,探究其改性机理。结果表明,掺加纳米ZnO后,改性沥青的三大性能均得到不同程度的改善,表现为针入度降低,软化点上升,延度增大;抵抗应力应变能力增强,在温度升高时表现出一定的弹性恢复;紫外光吸收强度大幅提高,是基质沥青吸收强度的几倍;纳米ZnO与沥青相容性较好,并且确定纳米ZnO最适宜掺量为沥青质量的3%。进行沥青混合料马歇尔稳定度试验及浸水马歇尔试验,反映纳米ZnO对沥青混合料的高温稳定性和水稳定性的改善作用。对基质沥青及纳米ZnO改性沥青进行薄膜烘箱老化(TFOT)和室内加速紫外老化(UV)试验,结合三大性能指标试验,得出纳米ZnO能够提高沥青抗老化性能,尤其对抗UV老化效果明显。通过对基质沥青与改性沥青UV老化前后动态剪切流变性能及红外光谱测试,分析了纳米ZnO对沥青流变性能及官能团的影响,探究了改性沥青老化机理及纳米ZnO在沥青老化过程中的作用机理。结果显示:纳米ZnO能够使沥青在老化过程中表现出一定的粘性回复;纳米ZnO能够有效减少沥青老化过程中特征官能团指数的增量,减缓沥青老化进程。最后,为提高纳米ZnO在沥青中的分散均匀性,制备了氧化石墨烯及纳米ZnO-氧化石墨烯复合材料,进行SEM扫描电镜照片分析,并将复合材料引入基质沥青中进行分层离析试验。结果表明:氧化石墨烯是大量片层叠加的结构;纳米ZnO能够在氧化石墨烯片层结构中较均匀的分散;复合材料与沥青的相容性较好,可提高纳米ZnO在改性沥青中的分散性。
[Abstract]:In view of various diseases caused by asphalt aging in the course of asphalt use at present, nanometer ZnO is used as modifier to improve the anti-aging performance of road asphalt. A series of performance tests of matrix asphalt and nanometer ZnO modified asphalt were carried out, including three main performance indexes, dynamic shear rheological test, UV absorption test of (DSR),. The performance change of modified asphalt was analyzed and the modification mechanism was explored. The results showed that the three properties of modified asphalt were improved in varying degrees after the addition of nanometer ZnO, such as the decrease of penetration, the increase of softening point, the increase of ductility, and the enhancement of resistance to stress and strain. When the temperature increases, the absorption intensity of ultraviolet light is greatly increased, which is several times of that of the base asphalt, and the compatibility of nanometer ZnO with asphalt is better, and it is determined that the most suitable content of nanometer ZnO is 3wt% of asphalt. The Marshall stability test and immersion Marshall test of asphalt mixture reflect the effect of nanometer ZnO on the high temperature stability and water stability of asphalt mixture. Based on the results of the film oven aging (TFOT) test and the indoor accelerated UV aging (UV) test of the matrix asphalt and the nanometer ZnO modified asphalt, it is concluded that the nano-ZnO can improve the anti-aging performance of the asphalt, especially the anti-UV aging effect. The effects of nano-scale ZnO on the rheological properties and functional groups of asphalt were analyzed by means of dynamic shear rheological properties and infrared spectrum measurements before and after UV aging of matrix asphalt and modified asphalt. The aging mechanism of modified asphalt and the action mechanism of nanometer ZnO in asphalt aging process were studied. The results show that nano-scale ZnO can make asphalt show a certain viscosity recovery during aging, and nanometer ZnO can effectively reduce the increment of characteristic functional group index and slow down the aging process of asphalt. Finally, in order to improve the dispersion uniformity of nanometer ZnO in asphalt, graphene oxide and nano-ZnO- graphene oxide composites were prepared and analyzed by SEM scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composite materials were introduced into the matrix asphalt for delamination and segregation test. The results show that graphene oxide is a superposition of a large number of lamellar structures, nanometer ZnO can be uniformly dispersed in the graphene oxide lamellar structure, and the compatibility between the composite and asphalt is better, which can improve the dispersion of nano-ZnO in modified asphalt.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U414

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