热力射流—机械复合融除路面覆冰装置的设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 10:28

【摘要】：如何经济、高效地清除城市道路、机场跑道和公路等路(道)面冰雪,是保障季冻气候和冰雪天气中交通畅通的一个难题。针对这种情况,本文在分析了现有去除道路覆冰的方法存在不足的基础上,综合热力除冰、机械除冰与化学除冰技术,提出热力射流-机械铣削复合融除冰技术。经除冰技术方案设计、技术探索、试验研究、样机开发,得到大量理论和试验数据,为今后进一步的研究开发提供必要的技术支持。本文主要研究内容如下：(1)在研究国内外现有融除冰技术与设备发展应用现状、路面覆冰的结构特性的基础上,提出热力射流-机械铣削复合融除路面覆冰技术,探索了其工作原理,并设计制作相关的除冰试验装置。(2)热力射流融除冰装置试验研究。研究热力射流融除冰机理,为装置进行试验研究提供理论支撑。运用ANSYS FLUENT流体分析软件对不同形状喷嘴的射流流场进行仿真试验分析,选取最佳喷嘴进行试验。分别对射流压力、喷嘴孔径、靶距、射流喷嘴入射角、温度等融除冰主要影响因素进行了理论研究和仿真试验分析,选取最佳参数对热射流除冰装置进行优化设计。(3)机械铣削除冰的研究分析。对常用的机械除冰技术进行适应性、刀具受力及冰雪清除能力进行研究分析,设计制作机械铣削除冰装置。建立铣削除冰模型,进行除冰刀具受力分析和除冰刀具角度试验研究,选取最佳除冰刀具角度：利用ANSYS对除冰刀具进行受力和变形有限元分析,保证其强度要求。最后进行相关除冰作业试验,验证其除冰性能。(4)设计制作热力射流-机械铣削复合融除冰装置室内样机,进行相关的试验研究分析,证明了热水射流-机械复合路面除冰技术的可行性,并探讨了该技术的市场应用前景。试验证明,热水射流-机械复合路面融除冰技术是合理、可行的,对克服冰雪路面的障碍,保障道路畅通,提高行车安全性具有重要的意义,推广应用前景广阔。
[Abstract]:How to economically and efficiently clear the snow and ice on urban roads, airport runways and highways is a difficult problem to ensure the smooth traffic in seasonal frozen climate and ice and snow weather. In view of this situation, based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the existing methods for removing road icing, the combined melting and deicing technology of thermal jet and mechanical milling is put forward by integrating thermal deicing, mechanical deicing and chemical deicing technology. Through deicing technical scheme design, technical exploration, experimental research and prototype development, a large number of theoretical and experimental data are obtained, which provides necessary technical support for further research and development. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the research on the present development and application of deicing technology and equipment at home and abroad and the structure characteristics of pavement icing, the thermal jet and mechanical milling composite melting and deicing technology is proposed. The working principle is explored and the related deicing test device is designed and manufactured. (2) the experimental study on the deicing device with thermal jet melting. The mechanism of melting and deicing by thermal jet is studied, which provides theoretical support for the experimental study of the device. ANSYS FLUENT fluid analysis software was used to simulate the jet flow field of different shape nozzles, and the optimum nozzle was selected for the test. The main influencing factors of melt deicing, such as jet pressure, nozzle aperture, target distance, jet nozzle incidence angle, temperature and so on, are studied theoretically and simulated. The optimum parameters are selected to optimize the deicing device of hot jet. (3) the research and analysis of mechanical milling deicing. The common mechanical deicing technology was studied and analyzed, and the mechanical milling deicing device was designed and made. The model of deicing was established, and the stress analysis of deicing tool and the experimental study of deicing tool angle were carried out. The optimum deicing tool angle was selected. The stress and deformation of deicing cutter were analyzed by using ANSYS to ensure the strength requirement. Finally, the relevant deicing operation test was carried out to verify its deicing performance. (4) the indoor prototype of the thermal jet / mechanical milling composite deicing device was designed and manufactured, and the related experimental research and analysis were carried out. The feasibility of deicing technology of hot water jet and mechanical composite pavement is proved, and the market application prospect of this technology is discussed. The test shows that the ice-melting and deicing technology of hot water jet-mechanical composite pavement is reasonable and feasible. It is of great significance to overcome the obstacles of ice and snow pavement, to ensure the smooth flow of roads and to improve the safety of driving. It has a broad prospect of popularization and application.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418.326

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