临近事故模式下驾驶人的视觉应激行为

发布时间：2018-08-10 20:05

【摘要】：为探寻临近事故模式下驾驶人的视觉应激特性,采用小型乘用车为平台,利用眼动仪对大量被试驾驶人开展了真实道路驾驶试验。采用视频回放方法,从约10~4 km的试验里程中筛选出一系列临近事故危险数据;通过将注视区域划分为当前车道、左侧区域、右侧区域、左后视镜区域、其他区域这5个区域,对驾驶人应激响应过程中的视觉认知特性进行了分析。研究结果表明:驾驶人在应激响应时的平均眨眼频率要低于应激响应前,而注视范围要广于应激响应前;城市道路环境中,驾驶人在应激响应前更多地关注左侧车道和其他区域,而在应激响应时,对于当前车道、右侧车道和左后视镜的关注程度上升,应激响应中驾驶人的注视转移路径主要为当前车道到右侧车道、左侧车道到当前车道;高速公路环境中,驾驶人在应激响应前对左侧车道、左后视镜和其他区域的关注程度要高于应激响应时,应激响应中驾驶人更多地关注当前车道和右侧车道的信息,应激响应中驾驶人的注视转移路径主要为当前车道转移到右侧车道、右侧车道转移到当前车道;在这2类环境下,驾驶人在应激响应中的视觉行为较为灵活,注视范围也较宽阔。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the visual stress characteristics of drivers in the near accident mode, a real road driving test was carried out on a large number of test drivers by using a small passenger vehicle as a platform. By using video playback method, a series of near accident hazard data were selected from the test mileage of about 10 ~ 4 km. By dividing the gaze area into five areas: the current lane, the left side, the right side, the left rearview mirror, and other regions. The visual cognitive characteristics of driver in stress response were analyzed. The results showed that the average blink frequency of the driver in the stress response was lower than that before the stress response, and the fixation range was wider than that before the stress response. Drivers pay more attention to the left lane and other areas before the stress response, while in the stress response, the attention to the current lane, the right lane and the left rearview mirror increases. In the stress response, the attention transfer path of the driver is mainly from the current lane to the right lane, the left lane to the current lane, while in the freeway environment, the driver changes the left lane to the left lane before the stress response. When the attention of the left rearview mirror and other areas is higher than that of the stress response, the driver pays more attention to the information of the current lane and the right lane in the stress response. In the stress response, the attention transfer path of the driver is mainly from the current lane to the right lane, and the right lane to the current lane. In these two types of environments, the driver's visual behavior in the stress response is more flexible. The range of gaze is also wider.
【作者单位】：长安大学公路学院;长安大学汽车学院;
【基金】：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2016JQ5096) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(310822151028) 陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(16JK1375)
【分类号】：U491.25

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