甘孜州山区生态公路建设技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 11:34

【摘要】：“生态公路”是一种先进的建设理念,是未来公路的发展方向,主要体现人、大自然的协调共存,在工程建设时将人为因素对自然的损害降低到最低,达到公路建设与生态环境相协调的目的,但目前而言,我国对生态公路的研究起步较晚,四川省甘孜藏族自治州作为国家重点生态功能区,又属西部落后贫困地区,对于公路建设主要以保通、保畅为主,因此,对于生态公路的建设较内地发达地区更为落后。近年来,甘孜州提出了“生态立州”的发展战略,当前既要发展经济,又要保护生态,再不能走先破坏后治理的老路,木文在结合甘孜州生态环境状况及甘孜州文化地域特点的基础上分析了,甘孜州山区生态公路的建设的重要性和意义。公路是一个人工生态系统,它对沿线生态环境的影响是多层次、多方面的,因此,建设生态公路需要解决的问题也是多方面、多层次的,例如：生态选线、路域植被恢复、水土保持、公路噪声的防治、公路运输危险品风险防范、野生资源保护等问题,本文重点研究了其中两个内容,生态选线、植被恢复。一是甘孜州经济社会要发展,生态公路建设是甘孜州以后很长一个时期不可回避的选择,以全域旅游作为发展经济的核心,只是以国道318、317线为支撑,不足以实现全域旅游的目标,县与县之间的通道亟待打通,因此生态选线不容忽视,应充分考虑地形地貌,尽可能避开自然保护区、饮用水源保护区、风景名胜区等环境敏感区域,在不可避免需要通过环境敏感区时,必须严格执行国家的有关法律、法规,合理进行环保比选和工程比选,已确定正确的线路走向。以九龙县至石棉的公路为工程实例,选线过程坚持以建设资源节约型、环境友好型公路为基本理念,通过对该工程占用耕地、基本农田、林地的面积的比选,以及线路通过自然保护区影响的分析,合理的选择了九石公路的线路走向,正确处理了交通发展与环境保护的关系。二是生态恢复技术内容复杂、繁多,但植被恢复技术是任何平原、山区等地区生态公路建设的重要内容和核心部分,需采取绿化设计,避免路域范围内植被恢复与周围环境不协调,根据不同背景的乡土植物,建立新的乔、灌、草多层次植物群落,植物群落演替目标的培育是目前公路路域绿化的重点,“自然和谐”是植被恢复的重要目标之一。研究了路域植被恢复技术,提出最佳植物设计方案,建植、管养技术,以解决山区交通工程建设中植被恢复存在的问题,以创造优越的环境条件,保障幼苗茁壮生长。并以国道318线康定至新都桥段植被恢复工程为例,通过充分调查康定地区的生态环境状况气候、上壤、植被、野生动物资源等生态环境,研究该路段植被恢复的最佳方案。
[Abstract]:"Eco-highway" is an advanced construction concept and the future direction of highway development. It mainly reflects the coordinated coexistence of human and nature. It minimizes the damage caused by human factors to nature and achieves the goal of highway construction and ecological environment coordination. However, the research on eco-highway in China started relatively late. Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, as a key ecological function area of the state, is also a backward and poor area in the west. It is mainly to keep the highway construction open and smooth. Therefore, the construction of ecological highway is more backward than the developed areas in the interior. On the basis of the analysis of the ecological environment in Ganzi Prefecture and the regional characteristics of the culture in Ganzi Prefecture, the importance and significance of the construction of the ecological highway in the mountainous area of Ganzi Prefecture are analyzed. Therefore, the problems that need to be solved in the construction of ecological highway are multi-faceted and multi-level, such as: ecological route selection, road vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, road noise prevention, road transport dangerous goods risk prevention, wild resources protection and other issues. This paper focuses on two of them, ecological route selection, vegetation restoration. In order to develop the economy and society of the prefecture, the construction of ecological highway is an unavoidable choice for a long time after Ganzi prefecture. Taking the whole-region tourism as the core of economic development, only the 318,317 national highways as the support, is not enough to achieve the goal of the whole-region tourism. The passage between counties and counties is urgently needed to be opened. Therefore, the ecological route selection should not be ignored and should be fully considered. When it is unavoidable to pass through environmentally sensitive areas, the relevant laws and regulations of the state must be strictly enforced, environmental protection and engineering comparison must be carried out reasonably, and the correct route direction has been determined. As an example of the project, the route selection process adheres to the basic concept of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly highway. By comparing the area of cultivated land, basic farmland and woodland occupied by the project and analyzing the influence of the route through the nature reserve, the route direction of Jiushi Highway is reasonably selected, and the traffic development and environmental protection are correctly handled. The second is that the content of ecological restoration technology is complex and varied, but the vegetation restoration technology is an important part and core part of the ecological highway construction in any plain, mountainous area and other areas. The greening design should be adopted to avoid the disharmony between the vegetation restoration and the surrounding environment within the road area, and new trees, shrubs and grasses should be established according to the local plants of different backgrounds. The cultivation of hierarchical plant communities and succession objectives of plant communities is the focus of highway greening at present, and "natural harmony" is one of the important objectives of vegetation restoration.This paper studies the vegetation restoration technology in highway areas, puts forward the best plant design scheme, construction and management technology, in order to solve the problems of vegetation restoration in traffic engineering construction in mountainous areas and create new ideas. Taking the vegetation restoration project of Kangding-Xindu Bridge section of National Highway 318 as an example, the best scheme of vegetation restoration in Kangding area was studied by fully investigating the ecological environment, such as climate, soil, vegetation and wildlife resources.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412.36

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