山区公路高边坡面积测量无人机技术应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 17:09

【摘要】：近年来,公路的飞速建设在给人类带来巨大经济效益和社会效益,但与此同时也给沿线生态环境造成了巨大的影响,为降低这种破坏程度,公路绿化已成为公路建设中一项不可缺少的内容。山区公路高边坡绿化具有自己的特点,对比普通的平原公路边坡绿化来说,山区公路地势更复杂,其结构形式也更多,根据不同的路基断面可以分为路堑和路堤两部分,根据路面的填筑材料也可分为石质与土质,所以说在公路绿化的过程当中,测量工作要充分考虑到这些地理环境带来的变化,只有对不同边坡设定不同的测量措施,才能全方位的进行绿化工作。目前公路边坡面积测量主要依靠皮尺、全站仪、GPS-RTK等设备采取全野外人工措施采集数据后再内业加工处理生产。这些作业方式:一方面存在不同程度的时耗、高成本、低效率和强大的人工劳动;另一方面野外作业人员安全得不到有效保障。在这种前提下,如何提高作业效率、缩小野外作业量、降低生产成本和人员安全,对当今精确获取边坡绿化面积数据提出更高要求。本文针对此问题,依据测绘新技术新理论,研究建立了一个山区公路高边坡绿化面积测量无人机技术应用方案。并通过实例对方案进行了验证,实验结果表明,该方案是经济、安全、有效的。本文首先分析了国内外山区公路边坡面积测量技术现状,指出了我国山区公路边坡面积测量技术存在的问题。在此基础上,提出了本课题研究的主要内容和方法以及研究的意义。其次阐述了无人机技术的基本原理和基本思想,介绍了无人机技术的基本概念和基本方法,提出了应用无人机技术的前提条件。然后本文对山区公路边坡面积传统测量技术存在的问题进行分析和总结,并提出合理的假设。在这些假设的基础上逐步深入分析,根据动态规划理论,设计出山区公路高边坡绿化面积测量无人机技术应用方案。接着对设计的山区公路高边坡绿化面积测量无人机技术应用方案进行实例检验,并对方案给予分析和评价。检验结果表明,该方案是有效的。最后对山区公路边坡绿化面积无人机测量技术应用方案进行总结及展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid construction of highway has brought great economic and social benefits to human beings, but at the same time, it has also caused a huge impact on the ecological environment along the route. Highway greening has become an indispensable content in highway construction. Mountain highway high slope greening has its own characteristics. Compared with plain highway slope greening, mountain highway terrain is more complicated and its structure forms are more. According to different subgrade sections, it can be divided into two parts: cutting and embankment. According to the pavement filling materials can also be divided into stone and soil, so in the road greening process, the survey should fully take into account these changes brought about by the geographical environment, only to different slope set different measurement measures. Ability to carry out all-round greening work. At present, the survey of highway slope area mainly depends on the scale, total station instrument, GPS-RTK and so on. The whole field manual measures are taken to collect the data and then the internal processing and processing production. On the one hand, there are different degrees of time consumption, high cost, low efficiency and powerful labor; on the other hand, the safety of field workers can not be effectively guaranteed. Under this premise, how to improve the work efficiency, reduce the field work volume, reduce the production cost and personnel safety, and put forward higher requirements for accurate acquisition of slope greening area data. In order to solve this problem, according to the new technology and new theory of surveying and mapping, this paper studies and establishes an application scheme of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to measure the greening area of high slope of mountain highway. The experimental results show that the scheme is economical, safe and effective. This paper first analyzes the present situation of the measurement technology of highway slope area in mountainous areas at home and abroad, and points out the problems existing in the measurement technology of highway slope area in mountainous areas of our country. On this basis, the main contents and methods of this research and the significance of the research are put forward. Secondly, the basic principles and ideas of UAV technology are introduced, the basic concepts and methods of UAV technology are introduced, and the preconditions for the application of UAV technology are put forward. Then this paper analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the traditional measurement technology of mountain highway slope area, and puts forward reasonable assumptions. On the basis of these assumptions and based on the theory of dynamic programming, an application scheme of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to measure the greening area of high slope in mountainous area is designed. Then, the applied scheme of UAV technology for high slope greening area measurement in mountainous area is tested, and the scheme is analyzed and evaluated. The test results show that the scheme is effective. Finally, the application scheme of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurement technology for highway slope greening area in mountainous area is summarized and prospected.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U412.2

【参考文献】