考虑港口货运需求时间窗的集装箱班轮航线优化设计

发布时间：2018-08-24 13:37

【摘要】：随着国家“一路一带”海洋战略的提出,我国的航运事业将进入一个新的时代,这对于每一个航运企业来说既是机遇也是挑战。“一路一带”战略的实施将大大拉动我国沿海港口以及周边港口的货运需求,同时由于近年来我国逐渐放宽航运市场的政策限制,国外航运企业正加大在华投资,这就使得市场的竞争更加激烈。航运企业为了生存,不得不从自身下手,根据营运区域内的货运需求,通过选择合适挂靠港口、优化挂靠次序以及合理配置运行船舶等方法来优化设计集装箱班轮航线,从而降低运营成本、提高运输服务质量。港口货运时间窗特性给集装箱班轮航线的优化设计带来了很大的不确定性。各港口间的货运需求量会因为船舶挂靠港口的时间而不同,因此在航线设计的时候就不能只考虑挂靠港口的顺序。集装箱班轮航线设计的对象是一个由港口、船舶、集装箱构成,需要从路径构建、资产配置、运营操作3个层面一体确定挂靠港口、挂靠顺序、舱位分配、船舶配置、箱量配备,才能实现优化运作的运营系统。本研究重点讨论了集装箱班轮运输的特点,并引入港口货运需求时间窗这一概念,通过分析港口货运需求时间窗影响因素,说明考虑该港口货运需求时间窗是符合实际的。然后本文利用整数规划、车辆路径选择理论、非线性规划等一系列数学理论对加入港口货运需求时间窗的航线优化问题进行数学建模,同时将单位时间单舱利润最大作为目标函数值进行优化。在模型的求解上本文采用双层遗传算法,并借助数学软件求解出航线设计问题包含的挂靠港口选择、挂靠顺序确定、舱位分配、船型及船队规模等方案。最后将该方法应用到实际当中,进行航线优化设计,通过数字实验,论证本文的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the national "Belt and Road" marine strategy put forward, China's shipping industry will enter a new era, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for every shipping enterprise. The implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy will greatly boost the freight demand of China's coastal ports and its surrounding ports. At the same time, foreign shipping enterprises are increasing their investment in China because China has gradually relaxed the policy restrictions on the shipping market in recent years. This makes the market more competitive. In order to survive, shipping enterprises have to start from their own, according to the freight demand in the operation area, by selecting the appropriate port, optimizing the order of connection and reasonable configuration of the running ship to optimize the design of container liner routes. In order to reduce operating costs, improve the quality of transport services. The time window characteristic of port freight brings great uncertainty to the optimization design of container liner route. The demand for cargo between ports will vary according to the time during which the ship is linked to the port, so the sequence of ports should not be considered only in the course design. The object of container liner route design is composed of port, ship and container, which needs to determine the connection port, the order of connection, the allocation of cabin space and the configuration of ship from three levels: path construction, asset allocation and operation. In order to achieve the optimal operation of the operation system. This study focuses on the characteristics of container liner transportation, and introduces the concept of port freight demand time window. By analyzing the influence factors of port freight demand time window, it is shown that considering the port freight demand time window is in line with the reality. Then a series of mathematical theories, such as integer programming, vehicle routing theory, nonlinear programming and so on, are used to model the route optimization problem with port freight demand time window. At the same time, the maximum profit per unit time single cabin is optimized as the objective function value. In the solution of the model, this paper adopts the double layer genetic algorithm, and uses the mathematical software to solve the route design problems including the choice of the port, the determination of the alignment sequence, the allocation of the cabin space, the ship type and the size of the fleet, and so on. Finally, the method is applied to practice, and the practical application value of this paper is proved by digital experiment.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U695.22

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