基于智能车位锁的共享停车位管理系统研究与设计

发布时间：2018-08-27 12:45

【摘要】：近年来,我国私家车数量增长迅速,然而停车位数量却增长缓慢,停车难问题正愈演愈烈。依靠信息化技术提高停车位的使用率将是缓解停车难问题的重要途径。本文设计的基于智能车位锁的共享停车位管理系统将物联网技术与传统车位锁相结合,将私人停车位和路边停车位通过车位锁设备进行联网管理,实现了停车位的信息化,为城市停车位的分时共享提供技术解决方案。智能车位锁控制器能够接收云服务器发送的命令,实现远程开锁功能,同时能够自动检测车辆是否驶离,在车辆驶离后,向云服务器发送"车已驶离"信息,并自动升起车位锁,等待下一次开锁命令。智能车位锁使用基于Cortex-M3内核的STM32控制器,在满足系统当前控制性能需求的同时,为后期系统软件在线升级提供了硬件支撑。物联网通信选用GSM/GPRS模块SIM800C,实现车位锁和云服务器间的联网及双方数据实时传输。在车位锁开关命令安全性方面,对开锁命令来源做判断,防止恶意软件开锁。SIM800C支持蓝牙3.0,为后期通过手机蓝牙控制车位锁提供硬件上的支撑。车位锁锁臂由直流电动机驱动进行升降,其升降位置检测采用对射式光电开关,取代了原来机械型接近开关检测的方法,提高了设备的使用寿命。采用内置小型放大器型光电传感器检测停车位上车辆状态,检测算法采用间隔脉冲多次采样的方式,确保检测准确的同时,降低检测器的功耗。智能车位锁采用铅酸胶体蓄电池进行供电,从硬件设计和软件运行两个方面对系统功耗进行优化处理,降低车位锁控制系统的运行功耗,提高蓄电池的使用时间和使用寿命。选用基于电压检测的方法对电池电量进行估计,当电池电量不足时,向用户和维护人员发送消息,提醒及时对蓄电池充电或更换,从而确保设备的安全可靠运行。共享停车位管理系统服务器软件包括支付服务网站,停车位管理系统软件和数据库。支付服务网站实现连接第三方支付服务器,并向用户显示二维码,生成订单,最后完成支付。停车位管理系统软件连接智能车位锁、支付服务网站和数据库。文中详细介绍了停车位管理软件的运行原理,停车服务具体实现过程。最后,总结智能车位锁和共享停车位管理系统设计开发过程中的经验教训,并对其功能性能的改进提出合理的规划,以促进本系统能更好的服务于城市停车位的共享与管理。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of private cars in China is increasing rapidly, but the number of parking spaces is increasing slowly, and the problem of parking difficulties is becoming more and more serious. Relying on information technology to improve the utilization rate of parking space will be an important way to alleviate parking difficulties. The shared parking space management system based on intelligent parking lock is designed in this paper, which combines the Internet of things technology with the traditional parking space lock, and manages the private parking space and roadside parking space through the parking space lock equipment to realize the informatization of parking space. To provide a technical solution for the time-sharing of urban parking spaces. The intelligent parking lock controller can receive the command from the cloud server, realize the remote unlock function, at the same time, it can automatically detect whether the vehicle is leaving, and send the "car has left" message to the cloud server after the vehicle leaves. And automatically raise parking lock, waiting for the next open lock order. The intelligent parking lock uses the STM32 controller based on the Cortex-M3 kernel, which not only meets the current control performance requirements of the system, but also provides the hardware support for the on-line upgrade of the late system software. The GSM/GPRS module SIM800C, is used to realize the networking between parking lockers and cloud servers and the real time data transmission between the two sides. With regard to the security of parking lock-switch command, the source of the unlocking command is judged to prevent malware from unlocking SIM800C and supporting Bluetooth 3.0. it provides hardware support for controlling parking lock by Bluetooth in the later period. The lock-arm of parking space is driven by DC motor to lift up and down, and the position of lift and fall is detected by optoelectronic switch, which replaces the method of detecting the mechanical proximity switch, and improves the service life of the equipment. A small amplifier photoelectric sensor is used to detect the state of the vehicle in the parking space. The detection algorithm adopts the method of multiple sampling with interval pulses to ensure the accuracy of the detection and reduce the power consumption of the detector. The intelligent parking lock is powered by lead-acid colloidal battery. It optimizes the power consumption of the system from the aspects of hardware design and software operation, reduces the running power consumption of the parking space lock control system, and improves the service time and service life of the battery. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the equipment, the method based on voltage detection is used to estimate the battery quantity. When the battery power is insufficient, it sends messages to users and maintainers to remind them to charge or replace the battery in time. Shared parking management system server software includes payment service website, parking space management system software and database. The payment service website connects to the third-party payment server, displays the QR code to the user, generates the order, and completes the payment. Parking space management system software connects smart parking lock, payment service website and database. This paper introduces the running principle of parking space management software and the realization process of parking service in detail. Finally, this paper summarizes the experience and lessons in the design and development of intelligent parking lock and shared parking space management system, and puts forward a reasonable plan for the improvement of its functional performance, so as to promote the system to better serve the sharing and management of urban parking spaces.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.7;U495

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