ETC系统中DSRC协议研究与设计实现
发布时间：2018-09-01 20:02
【摘要】：当前我国路桥收费大部分还是依靠人工收费的方式,这种收费方式成本高,效率低,尤其随着我国汽车保有量的大幅攀升,低效率的收费方式常常会造成道路的拥挤和大量的交通污染甚至交通事故。随着电子、通信、软件等技术快速发展,社会管理向智能化发展,道路交通管理也在大规模的进行智慧升级。电子不停车收费(Electronic Toll Collection,ETC)系统作为行之有效的道路收费管理手段,能够有效提高路网通行能力和道路交通效率。ETC系统通信是基于专用短程通信(Dedicated Short Range Communications,DSRC)来实现。DSRC是一种高效的无线通信技术,可以实现在较小区域内和移动目标双向通信。在ETC应用中主要是路侧单元(Road Side Unit,RSU)和车载单元(OnBoard Uint,OBU)间的信息通信。本文基于实习公司的项目,面向ETC的应用需求,开展DSRC协议的实现及设计方案研究,为ETC应用提供可靠通信支持。本文结合ETC系统,研究DSRC协议的基础理论及其相关技术标准,分析协议栈各层的结构和特点,建立arm-linux软件和硬件开发环境,并就物理层、数据链路层、应用层及设备应用层做设计实现工作:对于物理层,设计射频通信模块并通过SPI实现射频通信模块的控制和数据通信接口;对于数据链路层,设计层管理。通过外部中断结合异步通知实现及时中断处理,防止丢包。底层数据发送接收与上层协议栈处理运用多线程来解耦,线程间通过消息队列通信,从而实现数据缓冲。为解决通信可能出现的差错,设计重传机制。运用状态机设计逻辑链路控制(Logical Link Control,LLC)子层的链路控制机制。最后给出媒体访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)子层和LLC子层的工作流程;对于应用层,设计层管理,研究并应用ASN.1抽象语法标记定义应用层服务,实现传输数据编解码和分并段,进而实现传输内核(Transfer Kernel,T-KE)、初始化内核(Initialization Kernel,I-KE)和广播内核(Broadcast Kernel,B-KE);对于设备应用层,设计实现扩展应用接口和应用安全。最后,通过对本文的DSRC协议软件进行测试,达到设计目标,正确实现DSRC协议标准规定的RSU和OBU通信功能并具有很好的稳定性。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the road and bridge tolls in our country still rely on manual toll collection, which is of high cost and low efficiency, especially as the number of cars in our country has increased substantially. Inefficient toll collection often results in road congestion, traffic pollution and even traffic accidents. With the rapid development of electronic, communication, software and other technologies, the development of social management to intelligent, road traffic management is also a large-scale intelligent upgrading. Electronic non-stop toll (Electronic Toll Collection,ETC) system is an effective means of road toll management. It is an efficient wireless communication technology that can effectively improve road network capacity and road traffic efficiency. Etc system communication is based on special short-range communication (Dedicated Short Range Communications,DSRC). It can realize two-way communication in small area and mobile target. In the application of ETC, it is mainly the communication between road side unit (Road Side Unit,RSU) and vehicle unit (OnBoard Uint,OBU). Based on the project of the internship company and the application demand of ETC, this paper studies the implementation and design of DSRC protocol, which provides reliable communication support for ETC application. Combined with ETC system, this paper studies the basic theory of DSRC protocol and its related technical standards, analyzes the structure and characteristics of each layer of protocol stack, establishes the development environment of arm-linux software and hardware, and discusses the physical layer and data link layer. For the physical layer, the RF communication module is designed, and the control and data communication interface of the RF communication module is realized through SPI. For the data link layer, the design layer is managed. Realize timely interrupt processing by external interrupt combined with asynchronous notification to prevent packet loss. Multi-thread is used to decouple the data sending and receiving between the bottom layer and the upper layer protocol stack, and the communication between threads is via message queue to realize data buffering. In order to solve the possible errors in communication, a retransmission mechanism is designed. The state machine is used to design the link control mechanism of the logical link control (Logical Link Control,LLC) sublayer. Finally, the workflow of (Media Access Control,MAC and LLC sub-layer is given. For the application layer, the design layer is managed, the application layer services are defined by ASN.1 abstract syntax tag, and the transmission data coding and decoding are realized. Then the transport kernel (Transfer Kernel,T-KE), the initialization kernel (Initialization Kernel,I-KE) and the broadcast kernel (Broadcast Kernel,B-KE) are implemented, and for the device application layer, the extended application interface and application security are designed and implemented. Finally, by testing the DSRC protocol software in this paper, the design goal is achieved, and the RSU and OBU communication functions stipulated in the DSRC protocol standard are realized correctly and have good stability.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495
本文编号：2218199
[Abstract]:At present, most of the road and bridge tolls in our country still rely on manual toll collection, which is of high cost and low efficiency, especially as the number of cars in our country has increased substantially. Inefficient toll collection often results in road congestion, traffic pollution and even traffic accidents. With the rapid development of electronic, communication, software and other technologies, the development of social management to intelligent, road traffic management is also a large-scale intelligent upgrading. Electronic non-stop toll (Electronic Toll Collection,ETC) system is an effective means of road toll management. It is an efficient wireless communication technology that can effectively improve road network capacity and road traffic efficiency. Etc system communication is based on special short-range communication (Dedicated Short Range Communications,DSRC). It can realize two-way communication in small area and mobile target. In the application of ETC, it is mainly the communication between road side unit (Road Side Unit,RSU) and vehicle unit (OnBoard Uint,OBU). Based on the project of the internship company and the application demand of ETC, this paper studies the implementation and design of DSRC protocol, which provides reliable communication support for ETC application. Combined with ETC system, this paper studies the basic theory of DSRC protocol and its related technical standards, analyzes the structure and characteristics of each layer of protocol stack, establishes the development environment of arm-linux software and hardware, and discusses the physical layer and data link layer. For the physical layer, the RF communication module is designed, and the control and data communication interface of the RF communication module is realized through SPI. For the data link layer, the design layer is managed. Realize timely interrupt processing by external interrupt combined with asynchronous notification to prevent packet loss. Multi-thread is used to decouple the data sending and receiving between the bottom layer and the upper layer protocol stack, and the communication between threads is via message queue to realize data buffering. In order to solve the possible errors in communication, a retransmission mechanism is designed. The state machine is used to design the link control mechanism of the logical link control (Logical Link Control,LLC) sublayer. Finally, the workflow of (Media Access Control,MAC and LLC sub-layer is given. For the application layer, the design layer is managed, the application layer services are defined by ASN.1 abstract syntax tag, and the transmission data coding and decoding are realized. Then the transport kernel (Transfer Kernel,T-KE), the initialization kernel (Initialization Kernel,I-KE) and the broadcast kernel (Broadcast Kernel,B-KE) are implemented, and for the device application layer, the extended application interface and application security are designed and implemented. Finally, by testing the DSRC protocol software in this paper, the design goal is achieved, and the RSU and OBU communication functions stipulated in the DSRC protocol standard are realized correctly and have good stability.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495
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