桥梁抗震钢挡块计算方法与实验研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 20:00
【摘要】：采用减隔震措施可以有效的提升桥梁抗震性能。依据抗震原则的理念,需要次要结构在地震时先于桥梁主体结构变形破坏,起到消耗地震能量保护桥梁主体不受破坏的目的。基于此原则,在地震高发区域桥梁设计往往会增设减隔震措施,但通常使用的抗震措施诸如铅芯橡胶支座、连梁装置以及橡胶垫片等或多或少的存在价格高昂、空间狭长不易安装等问题。而另一方面,安置在主梁两侧控制主梁位移的限位挡块却往往被忽视,目前国内规范对其性能构造也没有明确的规定,仅仅作为构造措施用于主梁限位。我国普遍采用的混凝土挡块在地震中因易于受损而无法发挥作用。综合上述两方面原因,设计者们试图设计一种低屈服点限位钢挡块,它具有制作简单、安装便捷且耗能效果优异的优势,将其应用于广大中小桥梁,具有广阔的前景。鉴于上述考虑,制作了五种型号的钢挡块,采用软钢材料并且腹板中间挖有不同尺寸的槽孔使其易于变形耗能。本论文通过试验手段对拥有五种不同槽孔尺寸的钢挡块进行模拟地震条件的荷载试验并将得到的结论与数值仿真分析结果进行比。与耗能规律的探究和性能参数的确定,并将试验结果与对验证试验可靠性。主要的试验和研究工作内容及结论如下:对钢挡块进行理论受力分析,并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对五种钢挡块进行数值仿真分析,为之后的荷载试验提供理论数据支持。对钢挡块的母材软钢进行材料拉伸试验,试验结果表明获得的钢材屈服强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量以及泊松比等物理参数符合设计要求,该类钢材可以供荷载试验使用。对五种槽孔尺寸的钢挡块分别进行底部固定的单行推力荷载试验,取得荷载位移曲线、应力应变曲线等数据,对之后的试验提供实践支持。对其中两种不同槽孔尺寸的挡块进行底部固定的往返滞回加载试验,取得滞回曲线等数据分析探究不同尺寸挡块的耗能规律。将试验得到的数据拟合出性能参数与ANSYS数值仿真分析结果对比验证试验可靠性,可为国内外此类荷载试验提供参考。而得到的钢挡块性能参数和耗能规律可为该类产品的深入研发推广提供理论和试验数据支持。也可为国内抗震规范和修编提供合理性意见。
[Abstract]:The seismic performance of bridges can be effectively improved by using seismic isolation measures. According to the concept of seismic principle, it is necessary for the secondary structure to be deformed and destroyed before the main structure of the bridge during the earthquake, so as to expend seismic energy to protect the main body of the bridge from damage. Based on this principle, seismic isolation measures are often added in the design of bridges with high earthquake incidence, but the commonly used seismic measures such as lead-core rubber bearings, beam connecting devices and rubber gaskets are more or less expensive. The space narrow is not easy to install and so on. On the other hand, the limited block placed on the two sides of the main beam to control the displacement of the main beam is often ignored. At present, there are no clear provisions on the performance structure of the main beam in the domestic code, which is only used as a structural measure to limit the position of the main beam. The concrete block which is widely used in our country is unable to play its role in earthquake because it is easy to be damaged. For the above two reasons, the designers try to design a low yield point limited steel block, which has the advantages of simple fabrication, convenient installation and excellent energy dissipation effect. It has a broad prospect in the application of small and medium-sized bridges. In view of the above considerations, five types of steel blocks are made, which are made of mild steel material and have different sizes of grooves in the middle of the web so that they can easily deform and consume energy. In this paper, the load tests of steel blocks with five different sizes of slot holes are carried out to simulate the seismic conditions by means of experimental means, and the results obtained are compared with the results of numerical simulation. The reliability of the test was verified by the test results and the determination of the performance parameters. The main contents and conclusions of the experiment and research are as follows: the theoretical force analysis of steel retaining block is carried out, and the numerical simulation analysis of five steel retaining blocks is carried out by using finite element analysis software ANSYS, which provides theoretical data support for the later load test. The results of tensile test on the base metal mild steel of steel block show that the obtained physical parameters, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, meet the design requirements, and this kind of steel can be used for load test. The single thrust load test with fixed bottom is carried out on the steel block of five kinds of slot sizes, and the data of load displacement curve, stress strain curve and so on are obtained, which provide practical support for the later test. In this paper, two kinds of baffles with different sizes of slot holes are subjected to round-trip hysteretic loading tests with fixed bottom, and the hysteretic curves are obtained to analyze the energy dissipation laws of the blocks with different sizes. The performance parameters obtained from the test are compared with the results of ANSYS numerical simulation to verify the reliability of the test, which can provide a reference for this kind of load test at home and abroad. The obtained performance parameters and energy dissipation rules of steel block can provide theoretical and experimental data for the further development and popularization of this kind of products. It can also provide reasonable advice for domestic seismic code and revision.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U442.55
本文编号：2223181
[Abstract]:The seismic performance of bridges can be effectively improved by using seismic isolation measures. According to the concept of seismic principle, it is necessary for the secondary structure to be deformed and destroyed before the main structure of the bridge during the earthquake, so as to expend seismic energy to protect the main body of the bridge from damage. Based on this principle, seismic isolation measures are often added in the design of bridges with high earthquake incidence, but the commonly used seismic measures such as lead-core rubber bearings, beam connecting devices and rubber gaskets are more or less expensive. The space narrow is not easy to install and so on. On the other hand, the limited block placed on the two sides of the main beam to control the displacement of the main beam is often ignored. At present, there are no clear provisions on the performance structure of the main beam in the domestic code, which is only used as a structural measure to limit the position of the main beam. The concrete block which is widely used in our country is unable to play its role in earthquake because it is easy to be damaged. For the above two reasons, the designers try to design a low yield point limited steel block, which has the advantages of simple fabrication, convenient installation and excellent energy dissipation effect. It has a broad prospect in the application of small and medium-sized bridges. In view of the above considerations, five types of steel blocks are made, which are made of mild steel material and have different sizes of grooves in the middle of the web so that they can easily deform and consume energy. In this paper, the load tests of steel blocks with five different sizes of slot holes are carried out to simulate the seismic conditions by means of experimental means, and the results obtained are compared with the results of numerical simulation. The reliability of the test was verified by the test results and the determination of the performance parameters. The main contents and conclusions of the experiment and research are as follows: the theoretical force analysis of steel retaining block is carried out, and the numerical simulation analysis of five steel retaining blocks is carried out by using finite element analysis software ANSYS, which provides theoretical data support for the later load test. The results of tensile test on the base metal mild steel of steel block show that the obtained physical parameters, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, meet the design requirements, and this kind of steel can be used for load test. The single thrust load test with fixed bottom is carried out on the steel block of five kinds of slot sizes, and the data of load displacement curve, stress strain curve and so on are obtained, which provide practical support for the later test. In this paper, two kinds of baffles with different sizes of slot holes are subjected to round-trip hysteretic loading tests with fixed bottom, and the hysteretic curves are obtained to analyze the energy dissipation laws of the blocks with different sizes. The performance parameters obtained from the test are compared with the results of ANSYS numerical simulation to verify the reliability of the test, which can provide a reference for this kind of load test at home and abroad. The obtained performance parameters and energy dissipation rules of steel block can provide theoretical and experimental data for the further development and popularization of this kind of products. It can also provide reasonable advice for domestic seismic code and revision.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U442.55
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 郭良友;桥梁中间铰的索式抗震阻尼器的设计[J];国外桥梁;2001年02期
，本文编号：2223181
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