城市快速路交通拥堵与出口匝道锁闭研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 20:36

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,城市快速路交通拥堵问题日益凸显,严重影响城市生态的可持续发展。快速路出口匝道锁闭与快速路交通拥堵紧密相关,它既是快速路拥堵的结果,也是大范围长时间严重交通拥堵的重要原因之一。具体而言,在城市快速路上,交通拥堵一旦形成,可能会上溯数公里,蔓延覆盖一系列出口匝道,使这些出口匝道流量减小,形成出口匝道锁闭。由于出流减小,原本可以经由这些出口驶离快速路的车辆被困于快速路主线,又进一步加速了拥堵的恶化与蔓延。因此,出口匝道锁闭现象同快速路严重交通拥堵互为因果。目前,有关匝道锁闭的专门研究尚未见文献报道。本文从理论模型分析和仿真验证两个角度,全面深入地探讨出口匝道锁闭现象的机理和相关影响。首先,从交通流理论角度,建立瓶颈触发条件,分析出口匝道锁闭现象产生的机理。其次,利用宏观交通仿真系统METANET、微观交通仿真系统VISSIM和一个自主研发的宏观二阶交通仿真模型,针对拥有不同瓶颈的两条城市快速路建立适宜的仿真模型,通过交通仿真验证数学分析结果,深入分析匝道锁闭条件下的城市快速路交通流输入-输出稳态特性,详细考察匝道锁闭对交通需求、出匝率、OD率的敏感性,并结合匝道锁闭问题,探讨城市快速路网络状态的基本图属性。再次,本论文研究快速路入口匝道控制对消除快速路交通拥堵和避免匝道锁闭的重要影响。本论文工作对城市快速路交通管理与控制具有重要借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the problem of urban expressway traffic congestion is becoming increasingly prominent, which seriously affects the sustainable development of urban ecology. Freeway exit ramp locking is closely related to expressway traffic congestion, which is not only the result of expressway congestion, but also one of the important reasons for large-scale serious traffic congestion. Specifically, once traffic jams are formed on urban expressways, they may be traced back to several kilometers, spreading over a series of exit ramps, reducing the flow of these exit ramps, and forming exit ramp locking. As the outflow decreases, vehicles that could have left the freeway via these exits are trapped in the main line of the expressway, further accelerating the deterioration and spread of congestion. Therefore, the phenomenon of exit ramp locking and serious traffic congestion are cause and effect. At present, the special research on ramp locking has not been reported in literature. In this paper, the mechanism of exit ramp locking and its influence are discussed from two aspects: theoretical model analysis and simulation verification. Firstly, from the view of traffic flow theory, the bottleneck trigger condition is established, and the mechanism of exit ramp locking is analyzed. Secondly, using the macro traffic simulation system METANET, micro traffic simulation system VISSIM and a macro second order traffic simulation model developed by ourselves, an appropriate simulation model for two urban express routes with different bottlenecks is established. Through traffic simulation to verify the results of mathematical analysis, the input-output steady-state characteristics of urban expressway traffic flow under the condition of ramp locking are deeply analyzed, and the sensitivity of ramp locking to traffic demand, turn out rate and OD rate is investigated in detail. Combined with the problem of ramp locking, the basic map attributes of urban expressway network are discussed. Thirdly, this paper studies the important effect of ramp control on eliminating traffic congestion and avoiding ramp locking. This paper has important reference significance for urban expressway traffic management and control.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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