出租车动态合乘匹配问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 19:32

【摘要】：随着我国经济的飞速发展,城市化进程的加快,机动车保有量迅猛增长,城市交通拥堵、环境污染、能源消耗等问题日益严峻。合乘出行方式以其能够提高道路承载力、缓解交通拥堵的优势越来越得到大家的关注。而出租车合乘通过有效配置与利用现有资源,提高出租车运能,缓解高峰期“打车难”的矛盾；同时,需要兼顾乘客与司机的利益,既能保证为乘客提供良好的运输服务,又能提高司机的收入。目前国内针对出租车合乘问题的研究相对较少,为此,本文依托973计划课题(2012CB725402)研究出租车动态合乘匹配问题。本文在对合乘系统的形式、特性和智能调度系统的研究分析的基础上,建立了出租车动态合乘匹配模型,并设计了插入式算法,致力于寻求乘客的出行请求和可乘车辆的最佳匹配。该模型以乘客的出行时间成本和费用成本最小为目标,综合考虑了乘客和司机时间窗、车辆容量等约束,并且兼顾了乘客和司机利益。插入式算法实现了动态实时地将乘客的出行请求插入车辆路径,并确定乘客费率,检验司机与乘客的收益。最后,应用Matlab软件建立了出租车动态合乘匹配系统,根据仿真模拟的数据,采用多元分析法和不同参数组合对比的方法分析评价各参数对系统运行效果的影响程度和作用规律。研究表明出行请求的到达率、乘客对绕行的容忍度、提前预约时间、车辆行驶速度及车辆数目等参数对系统的合乘匹配成功率和节约时间比例存在不同程度的影响,乘客优惠系数和司机收益比例对于乘客和司机收益的有显著影响。本文的研究成果可用于动态合乘匹配问题的理论研究,也可为实际中出租车动态合乘系统的建设、运营及管理提供参考和建议,同时对于提高出租车运能、缓解交通拥堵问题有一定的积极意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the rapid growth of vehicle ownership, urban traffic congestion, environmental pollution, energy consumption and other issues are becoming increasingly serious. Put and utilize the existing resources, improve the taxi capacity, alleviate the contradiction of "taxi difficulty" during the peak period; at the same time, we need to take into account the interests of passengers and drivers, not only to ensure good transport services for passengers, but also to improve the income of drivers. The subject (2012 CB725402) studies the problem of taxi dynamic co-ride matching. Based on the analysis of the form, characteristics and intelligent dispatching system of the co-ride system, this paper establishes a taxi dynamic co-ride matching model, and designs a plug-in algorithm to find the best matching between the passenger's travel request and the vehicle. In order to minimize the travel time cost and cost of passengers, the time window and capacity constraints of passengers and drivers are taken into account, and the interests of both passengers and drivers are taken into account. A taxi dynamic co-ride matching system is established by using MATLAB software. According to the simulated data, the influence degree and action law of each parameter on the operation effect of the system are analyzed and evaluated by means of multivariate analysis and comparison of different parameter combinations. The results of this paper can be used to study the dynamic passenger-to-driver matching problem theoretically and practically. The construction, operation and management of the dynamic taxi sharing system provide reference and suggestions, and it is also of positive significance to improve the taxi capacity and alleviate traffic congestion.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【相似文献】