基于比功率的高速公路交通安全和能耗模型及仿真

发布时间：2018-09-11 09:41

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和社会的进步,人们越来越重视道路交通安全事故的发生,道路交通是一个及其复杂的动态演化系统,它同时受人、车、路和环境等诸要素共同作用。对道路交通安全评价的研究,有利于及时评价和反馈道路交通突发事故频发路段的实时交通安全状况,有利于尽快恢复道路畅通,有利于减少后续可能事故的发生。能源消耗一向都是全人类社会可持续发展的重要课题,由于交通运输系统在能源利用方面高度依赖石油、天然气等不可再生资源,其能耗问题必将给我国经济社会可持续发展道路带来困境,对人民劳动生产生活甚至全人类的发展产生消极影响。在混合交通的大前提下,研究高速公路交通系统中各影响因素对车辆微观行为、交通流能耗的作用机理意义深远。本文基于机动车比功率,对高速公路基本路段混合交通流的交通和能耗进行研究,研究的过程如下:第一部分,介绍国内外道路交通安全和交通运输能耗方面的研究背景,从高速公路交通安全和交通能耗两个方面总结归纳国内外研究综述,引出论文研究的目的及意义,明确论文研究的技术路线及主要内容。第二部分,通过对高速公路车辆车型分类的研究,将高速公路基本路段混合交通流的车型分为轻型车和重型车两大类,并提出车型混合比的概念;通过对机动车比功率基本公式的研究讨论,确定适合高速公路基本路段混合交通流的分车型比功率计算公式;从自由行使、跟驰行使、超车换道三种车辆运行特征出发对高速公路交通流特性进行分析,并运用道路移动瓶颈理论分析大重型车辆对交通流的影响作用。第三部分,讨论分析表征高速公路交通流特性的主要参数,并在此基础上建立高速公路混合交通流安全状态评价体系以及评价的具体指标;从气体动力学交通流理论的角度出发,运用数理统计及微积分的知识,建立高速公路混合交通流比功率及比功模型,并提出交通流比功与交通流能耗之间的相关性。第四部分,建立基于元胞自动机的高速公路混合交通流仿真模型,结合论文研究对象及主要内容,对仿真模型初始条件及演化规则进行改进;运用matlab软件编写仿真模型实现的基础程序及数据统计程序,并将程序运行后的数据存储起来;在对仿真结果进行分析的过程中,主要从道路交通流量、密度、速度以及超车换道率四个方面讨论不同车型混合比下高速公路混合交通流状态的安全性评价,交通流能耗方面,结合仿真数据,通过高速公路混合交通流比功模型,分析不同车型混合比对交通流能耗的影响。最后,对论文研究的成果做以总结,并对后续的相关研究进行展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of society, people pay more and more attention to the occurrence of road traffic accidents. Road traffic is a complex dynamic evolution system. It is affected by many factors such as people, vehicles, roads and environment. The study of road traffic safety evaluation is helpful to evaluate and feedback road traffic accidents in time. Real-time traffic safety in frequent road sections is conducive to restoring the smooth road as soon as possible and reducing the occurrence of subsequent accidents. Energy consumption has always been an important issue for sustainable development of human society. Under the premise of mixed traffic, it is of far-reaching significance to study the influence factors of expressway traffic system on vehicle micro-behavior and the mechanism of traffic flow energy consumption. The research process is as follows: The first part introduces the research background of road traffic safety and transportation energy consumption at home and abroad, summarizes the research summary at home and abroad from two aspects of highway traffic safety and transportation energy consumption, and leads to the paper research. The purpose and significance of this paper is to clarify the technical route and main contents of this paper. In the second part, through the study of vehicle type classification of expressway, the mixed traffic flow models of basic sections of expressway are divided into light vehicles and heavy vehicles, and the concept of vehicle type mixing ratio is put forward; through the research of the basic formula of vehicle specific power. Based on the study and discussion, the formula for calculating the specific power of different types of vehicles suitable for mixed traffic flow in basic sections of expressway is determined. The traffic flow characteristics of expressway are analyzed from the three vehicle operation characteristics of free exercise, car-following exercise and overtaking and changing lanes, and the influence of heavy and heavy vehicles on traffic flow is analyzed by using the theory of moving bottleneck. In this part, the main parameters of expressway traffic flow characteristics are discussed and analyzed, and the safety state evaluation system and specific indexes of Expressway mixed traffic flow are established on this basis. The fourth part establishes the mixed traffic flow simulation model based on cellular automata, and improves the initial conditions and evolution rules of the simulation model with the object and main contents of the paper. In the process of analyzing the simulation results, this paper mainly discusses the safety evaluation and energy consumption of Expressway mixed traffic flow under different vehicle mixing ratio from four aspects: traffic flow, density, speed and overtaking lane changing rate. In the aspect of simulation data, through the specific power model of Expressway mixed traffic flow, the influence of different vehicle mixing ratio on traffic flow energy consumption is analyzed. Finally, the research results of this paper are summarized and the future research is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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