车辆换道行为动态特性及其对车流影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 13:33

【摘要】：近年来,随着社会经济步伐的加快,汽车化水平不断提高导致车辆自由运行空间越来越有限。道路交通拥堵严重,交通安全事故频发揭示了研究道路系统交通问题的重要性。车辆跟驰行为和换道行为是车辆运行的两种基本行为,但车辆换道行为因其运行环境复杂,所涉及的交通因素较多,且执行过程中容易产生交通冲突,引发道路交通事故,从而降低道路交通系统的安全性。因此,有必要明确道路系统中车辆换道行为的动态特性及其对车流运行的影响机理,从而寻找解决措施并加以正确地引导。论文首先系统描述了车辆换道原因和换道基本形式,从驾驶员交通特性、车辆因素、道路因素和交通条件四个方面分析其影响因素;然后,引入驾驶员-车辆智能体,系统划分车辆换道模式,研究了目标车辆与换道交通场景中周围车辆之间的交互行为及其动态特性,以间隙接受模型为基础研究目标车辆与目标车道后随车的决策优化过程,进而以最小安全距离为基础建立车辆换道交互行为模型;其次,基于效用理论对车辆换道动态实施过程进行分析,根据换道过程各阶段之间的相互关系建立换道决策概率模型,并利用极大似然估计方法标定其参数;最后基于分子动力学与交通波理论揭示车辆换道行为对车流运行的影响机理,数理统计分析车辆换道次数与交通量的关系,运用实际调查数据对比分析车辆换道频率、行程延误等指标,验证理论模型的准确性;研究成果可为我国城市交通管理与控制、交通运行仿真、车辆自适应巡航系统提供理论依据和技术支撑。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of the pace of social and economic development, the level of motorization continues to improve, resulting in more and more limited space for the free operation of vehicles. Serious traffic congestion and frequent traffic safety accidents reveal the importance of studying traffic problems in road systems. The car-following behavior and the changing behavior are the two basic behaviors of the vehicle running, but the vehicle-changing behavior involves many traffic factors because of its complex running environment, and it is easy to cause traffic conflicts in the course of implementation, which leads to road traffic accidents. Thus reducing the safety of the road traffic system. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle changing behavior and its influence mechanism on the traffic flow in the road system, so as to find out the solution and guide it correctly. Firstly, the paper systematically describes the reasons and basic forms of vehicle change, analyzes the influencing factors from four aspects: driver traffic characteristics, vehicle factors, road factors and traffic conditions, and then introduces driver-vehicle agent. Based on the gap acceptance model, the interaction behavior and dynamic characteristics between the target vehicle and the surrounding vehicle in the traffic scene are studied. The decision optimization process between the target vehicle and the vehicle following the target lane is studied based on the gap acceptance model. Secondly, based on utility theory, the dynamic implementation process of vehicle lane change is analyzed, and the probability model of lane change decision is established according to the relationship between each stage of the course. The parameters are calibrated by using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Finally, based on the molecular dynamics and the traffic wave theory, the influence mechanism of the vehicle changing behavior on the traffic flow is revealed, and the relationship between the vehicle changing times and the traffic volume is analyzed by mathematical statistics. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by comparing and analyzing the vehicle changing frequency and travel delay by using the actual investigation data, and the research results can be used for urban traffic management and control, traffic operation simulation, and so on. Vehicle adaptive cruise system provides theoretical basis and technical support.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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