岸边集装箱起重机载荷谱形成算法及疲劳寿命研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 19:14

【摘要】：港口码头是海洋运输与陆地运输的枢纽,岸边集装箱起重机是港口码头中重要的货物转运工具,其结构形式为前后水平大梁吊在由海陆侧立柱支撑的横梁上。由于岸边集装箱起重机有较大的前伸距和后伸距,这种结构特点使它的吊载小车能够在海洋和陆地间做循环运动,实现集装箱货物从集装箱货船到陆地的转运。随着海洋运输业的大力发展,集装箱船舶正朝着大型化方向发展,给岸边集装箱起重机提出了更高的要求,高速重载已经成为其主要受力特点,随之而来的疲劳问题也变的愈加明显。由于岸边集装箱起重机具有高吨位、大跨度特点,一旦发生疲劳破坏,往往会造成严重的机械事故。在此背景下,本文展开了对其金属结构疲劳损伤的计算研究,希望能给现场管理人员提供合理的检测建议,预防疲劳失效破坏事故的发生。本文中用到的理论基础主要有载荷谱、疲劳分析标准、疲劳寿命以及数理统计等知识,之后依据采集到的数据对岸边集装箱起重机进行的一系列疲劳寿命及疲劳强度分析,其中主要包括以下几方面的内容:(1)提出了本课题的研究目的与意义,给出了文章后续研究的必要性。在查阅文献基础上,给出了载荷谱及疲劳分析的国内外研究状态。并详细介绍了载荷谱与疲劳之间的关系,以及载荷谱、疲劳破坏与抗疲劳设计、疲劳寿命与常用的疲劳寿命预测方法,最终阐述了本文的主要研究内容。(2)详细阐述了岸边集装箱起重机载荷谱的编制背景。针对国内缺乏岸边集装箱起重机整机载荷谱的情况,展开了对编制载荷谱的理论研究,并最终归纳出编制载荷谱的理论知识,详细的给出了载荷谱编制步骤。为下文实际编谱奠定理论基础。(3)根据前文介绍的编制载荷谱的理论方法,结合吊载统计数据,对具体的某港在役岸边集装箱起重机进行了载荷谱编制,最终给出了岸边集装箱起重机整机载荷谱。在载荷谱的基础上,结合线性累积损伤理论提出了一种简单的疲劳寿命预估方法。(4)将得到的岸边集装箱起重机载荷谱应用于国际上广泛使用的两大疲劳分析准则:英国BS5400标准及欧洲F.E.M标准中,对该台岸边集装箱起重机的整机疲劳情况进行了详细的分析,得到了岸边集装箱起重机在载荷谱的作用下的疲劳累积损伤情况。通过两大疲劳计算标准的相互验证,一方面简单的证明了上文提供的疲劳寿命预估方法具有一定的可靠性,另一方面避免因统计数据错误造成的结果偏差。
[Abstract]:The port terminal is the hub of sea and land transportation, and the quayside container crane is an important freight transfer tool in the port wharf. The structure of the container crane is the horizontal beam hanging from the crossbeam supported by the sea and land side columns. Because the quayside container crane has a large forward and back extension distance, this kind of structural feature enables its crane to circulate between sea and land, and realize the transfer of container cargo from container ship to land. With the development of marine transportation industry, container ships are developing towards the direction of large scale, which puts forward higher requirements for quayside container cranes. High speed and heavy load have become the main force characteristics of container cranes. The fatigue problem that follows also becomes more and more obvious. Because quayside container crane has the characteristics of high tonnage and long span, once fatigue damage occurs, it will cause serious mechanical accident. Under this background, this paper studies the fatigue damage of metal structure in order to provide reasonable inspection advice to the field managers and prevent the occurrence of fatigue failure and damage accidents. The theoretical basis used in this paper mainly includes load spectrum, fatigue analysis standard, fatigue life and mathematical statistics. Then, a series of fatigue life and fatigue strength analysis of quayside container crane are carried out according to the collected data. The main contents are as follows: (1) the purpose and significance of this paper are put forward, and the necessity of further research is given. On the basis of literature review, the research status of load spectrum and fatigue analysis at home and abroad is given. The relationship between load spectrum and fatigue is introduced in detail, as well as load spectrum, fatigue failure and fatigue resistance design, fatigue life and common fatigue life prediction methods. Finally, the main research contents of this paper are described. (2) the background of the load spectrum of quayside container crane is described in detail. In view of the lack of load spectrum of quayside container crane in our country, the theoretical research on compiling load spectrum is carried out, and finally the theoretical knowledge of compiling load spectrum is summed up, and the steps of compiling load spectrum are given in detail. (3) according to the theory and method of compiling load spectrum introduced above, combined with the statistical data of hoisting load, the load spectrum of a specific container crane in service at a port is compiled. Finally, the load spectrum of quayside container crane is given. Based on the load spectrum, Based on the linear cumulative damage theory, a simple fatigue life prediction method is proposed. (4) the load spectrum of quayside container crane is applied to two widely used fatigue analysis criteria in the world: British BS5400 standard and European F.E.M standard. The fatigue condition of the quayside container crane is analyzed in detail, and the fatigue cumulative damage of the quayside container crane under the action of load spectrum is obtained. Through the mutual verification of the two fatigue calculation standards, on the one hand, it is proved that the fatigue life prediction method provided above has certain reliability, and on the other hand, the deviation of the result caused by the error of statistical data is avoided.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U653.921

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