客运驾驶人驾驶愤怒特征与干预方法设计

发布时间：2018-10-08 20:06

【摘要】：近年来,“路怒症”作为驾驶过程中典型的负面情绪已经成为了驾驶人群体的通病。“路怒”现象越来越频繁,给道路交通安全运行带来了巨大的隐患。由于愤怒不仅能干扰驾驶人的注意力、感知能力以及驾驶能力,甚至会导致攻击性驾驶和道路暴力行为,增大了交通事故发生的概率,也对驾驶人自身和其他道路使用者的安全造成极大的威胁。且近年来,由于越来越多大客车交通事故的发生,职业驾驶人的情绪管理备受关注,解决高质量职业驾驶人人数短缺的问题是十分必要的。因此,研究客运驾驶人的愤怒特征,设计并实施驾驶愤怒干预方案,制定愤怒情绪的管理方法与策略,对开发驾驶人辅助系统,降低驾驶人愤怒以及减少道路交通事故具有重要的意义。本文具体的研究内容为以下几个方面:(1)建立了适用于我国客运驾驶人的驾驶愤怒量表,并且检验了其信效度。通过文献搜集及驾驶人访谈的方式确定诱发驾驶人愤怒的交通场景,并进行量表题项的收集;结合经典驾驶愤怒量表,对题项进行翻译与讨论,形成初始量表;检验初始量表的信度和效度,最终确定量表为4个维度:无礼行为、交通阻碍、违规驾驶以及缓慢驾驶。总量表和分量表的内部一致性均达到0.72以上,且具有显著的相关性,这表明建立的驾驶愤怒量表具有较高的可靠性。(2)分析了客运驾驶人的驾驶愤怒特征。运用描述性统计分析客运驾驶人在不同交通场景下的愤怒水平;研究客运驾驶人的人口学变量即年龄、驾龄与驾驶里程以及驾驶行为对驾驶愤怒的影响;探究人格特质即A型行为倾向、特质愤怒、愤怒表达与驾驶愤怒之间的相关关系,以及检验A型行为倾向与非A型行为倾向,愤怒向外表达与愤怒向内表达的驾驶人在驾驶愤怒体验上的差异性;进一步将人口学变量、驾驶行为以及人格特质等影响因素作为自变量,建立以驾驶愤怒为因变量的多元回归模型,得出各变量对驾驶愤怒的预测效应。(3)设计了驾驶愤怒干预方法,并检验了干预方法的有效性。本研究在分析客运驾驶人愤怒特征的基础上,设计了两种不同类型的驾驶愤怒干预方法,即认知干预法和宽恕干预法。通过设置对照组,运用单因素方差分析和独立t检验比较认知组、宽恕组与对照组在愤怒情绪方面(驾驶愤怒、驾驶愤怒表达以及特质愤怒)和情绪调控方面(愤怒控制和认知情绪调节)的差异性。结果表明两种干预方法均具有良好的效果,且效果具有一定的持久性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, road rage, as a typical negative emotion in driving, has become a common problem among drivers. The phenomenon of road rage is becoming more and more frequent, which brings huge hidden trouble to road traffic safety operation. Anger not only interferes with a driver's attention, perception, and driving ability, but can even lead to aggressive driving and road violence, increasing the likelihood of traffic accidents. It also poses a great threat to the safety of the driver himself and other road users. In recent years, due to more and more bus traffic accidents, the emotional management of professional drivers has attracted much attention. It is necessary to solve the problem of the shortage of high-quality professional drivers. Therefore, we study the characteristics of passenger drivers' anger, design and implement the scheme of driving anger intervention, formulate the management methods and strategies of anger, and develop a driver's auxiliary system. Reducing driver anger and reducing road traffic accidents are important. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A driving anger scale for passenger transport drivers in China is established and its reliability and validity are tested. Through the way of literature collection and driver interview, the traffic scene of inducing driver anger is determined, and the items of the scale are collected, and the items are translated and discussed in combination with the classical driving anger scale, and the initial scale is formed. The reliability and validity of the initial scale were tested, and the scale was determined to be four dimensions: rude behavior, traffic obstruction, illegal driving and slow driving. The internal consistency of the total scale and the component table is above 0.72, and there is a significant correlation, which indicates that the established driving anger scale has a high reliability. (2) the driving anger characteristics of the passenger drivers are analyzed. Using descriptive statistics to analyze the anger level of passenger transport drivers in different traffic scenarios, and to study the demographic variables of passenger drivers, that is, age, driving mileage and driving behavior, and the influence of driving behavior on driving anger. To explore the relationship between personality traits such as type A behavior disposition, trait anger, anger expression and driving anger, and to test the relationship between type A behavior tendency and non-A type behavior tendency. The difference in driving anger experience between drivers who express anger outwardly and inwards, and further regard demographic variables, driving behavior and personality traits as independent variables. A multivariate regression model with driving anger as dependent variable was established and the predictive effect of each variable on driving anger was obtained. (3) the intervention method of driving anger was designed and the effectiveness of the intervention method was tested. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of passenger drivers' anger, two different types of intervention methods, cognitive intervention and forgiveness intervention, were designed. By setting up control group, using univariate ANOVA and independent t test to compare cognitive group, forgiveness group and control group in terms of anger (driving anger, Differences between driving anger expression and trait anger and emotional regulation (anger control and cognitive emotion regulation). The results showed that the two intervention methods had good effect, and the effect was persistent.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.25

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