单洞双向公路隧道火灾通风排烟控制研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 12:36

【摘要】：虽然近年来,由于经济发展,运输业需求,人民生活便利的需要,出现了大量的双洞单向公路隧道。但在我国西部地区,因为地形、经济等原因,仍然有大量的单洞双向公路隧道。单洞双向隧道内一旦发生火灾,与双洞单向隧道相比,由于其对向行车的特点,将造成更加严重的后果。而在隧道火灾中,烟气对疏散救援的影响很大。单洞双向公路隧道对向行车,以及地形的复杂性、隧道存的不同坡度,使得现在普遍使用的通风控制策略都不是很合适。本文主要研究单洞双向公路隧道在不同坡度条件下的通风控制。并根据通风方向的不同分为向隧道上坡方向吹风和向隧道下坡方向吹风两种情况,拟定了20MW火源功率下的火灾场景,运用FLUENT软件建立了单洞双向公路隧道的模型进行数值模拟,对其烟气场和温度场特性进行分析研究。同时模拟依托工程不同吹风方向的临界风速。以前述研究为基础,给出合适的通风控制策略。主要研究成果如下:(1)开展沿隧道上坡方向供风排烟研究,得到不同坡度、风速条件下的隧道火灾烟气蔓延距离特性、温度场特性等;(2)开展沿隧道下坡方向供风排烟研究,得到不同坡度、风速条件下的隧道火灾烟气蔓延距离特性、温度场特性等;(3)开展沿某隧道上、下坡方向供风时的临界风速研究,并与经验公式计算的没有坡度的临界风速进行比较分析;(4)基于前述研究成果,提出单洞双向公路隧道通风排烟控制原则,形成单洞双向公路隧道不同自然风速、风向条件下的火灾通风排烟组织方案。
[Abstract]:Although in recent years, due to the economic development, transportation demand, people living convenience needs, there have been a large number of double-hole one-way highway tunnel. However, there are still a large number of single-hole and bidirectional highway tunnels in western China due to topography, economy and other reasons. Once a fire occurs in a single-hole two-way tunnel, compared with a two-hole one-way tunnel, it will cause more serious consequences because of its characteristics of the opposite direction. In tunnel fire, smoke has a great influence on evacuation and rescue. Because of the complexity of the terrain and the different slope of the tunnel, the ventilation control strategy which is widely used now is not suitable. This paper mainly studies the ventilation control of single-hole two-way highway tunnel under different slope conditions. According to the different ventilation direction, the fire scene under the 20MW fire source power is drawn up, and the model of the single hole two-way highway tunnel is established by using FLUENT software to carry out the numerical simulation, and it is divided into two kinds of cases, which are blowing wind up the tunnel slope and blowing the wind down the tunnel downhill direction, and draw the fire scene under the 20MW fire source power. The characteristics of smoke field and temperature field are analyzed and studied. At the same time, the critical wind speed of different blowing direction is simulated. Based on the above research, a suitable ventilation control strategy is given. The main research results are as follows: (1) the study of smoke supply and exhaust along the upper slope of the tunnel is carried out to obtain the characteristics of smoke spread distance and temperature field of tunnel fire under different slope and wind speed. (2) the study of smoke supply and exhaust along the downhill direction of tunnel is carried out, and the characteristics of smoke spread distance and temperature field of tunnel fire under different slope and wind speed are obtained. (3) the study of critical wind speed along the downhill direction of a tunnel is carried out and compared with the critical wind speed without slope calculated by empirical formula. (4) based on the above research results, the control principle of ventilation and exhaust smoke in single-hole two-way highway tunnel is put forward to form the organization scheme of fire ventilation and smoke exhaust under the condition of different natural wind speed and wind direction of single-hole two-way highway tunnel.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U453

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