高速公路服务区突发事件应急能力评估方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 13:46

【摘要】：高速公路服务区直接向司乘人员提供生活服务和工作方便，是人与路的纽带，组成了高速公路系统的重要部分。近年来我国高速公路建设得到飞速发展，高速公路服务区数量也急剧增加。高速公路服务区是给道路使用者提供必需的停车、休息、加油、检修、餐饮、如厕等服务的主要场所。按照《公路工程技术标准》的规定，高速公路平均50公里建一个服务区，两个大服务区间建1～3个停车区，我国高速公路总共需要建设服务设施约（包括服务区和停车区）5360个。由于高速公路服务区发展过快，基础设施虽然能够满足道路使用者的基本需求，但是在突发事件的应急能力方面难免存在漏洞和不足。特别是高速公路在节假日向社会免费开放，高速公路更是人满为患，在服务区应对突发事件的服务上也暴露出许多问题。因此，如何能够解决好高速公路服务区突发事件的应急管理具有十分重要的现实意义。论文首先对高速公路服务区主要功能进行介绍，将高速公路服务区功能划分成对内和对外两个方面。对内主要是停车、休息、加油、维修、餐饮、如厕等，，对外主要功能是事故紧急救援、道路抢修等。通过对高速公路服务区常见功能介绍和分析，了解道路使用者需求和高速公路服务区可能存在的突发事件种类。其次，对高速公路服务区突发事件应急评估进行分析。从高速公路服务区监测预警能力、基础保障能力、应急响应能力、应急恢复能力等四个方面构建高速公路服务区突发事件应急能力评价指标体系。最后，建立高速公路服务区突发事件应急能力评估模型，结合工程实践进行案例分析。利用层次分析法确定高速公路服务区应急评价各指标权重，运用模糊评价方法对京哈高速吉林段进行模糊综合评价，并提出相关建议。
[Abstract]:The expressway service area provides the service and convenience of life and work directly to the passengers, which is the link between people and the road, and constitutes an important part of the expressway system. In recent years, highway construction in China has been rapid development, the number of expressway service areas has also increased dramatically. Expressway Service area is the main place to provide necessary parking, rest, refueling, maintenance, catering, toilet and other services for road users. According to the "Technical Standards for Highway Engineering", an average of 50 kilometers of expressway will be built with one service area and two large service sections with 1 to 3 parking areas. A total of 5, 360 service facilities (including service areas and parking areas) will be built on highways in China. Because of the rapid development of expressway service area, although the infrastructure can meet the basic needs of road users, there are inevitably loopholes and deficiencies in the emergency response capacity. Especially the freeway opens to the society free of charge during the holidays, the expressway is overcrowded, and many problems are exposed in the service area to deal with the emergency. Therefore, how to solve the emergency management of expressway service area has very important practical significance. This paper first introduces the main functions of expressway service area, and divides the function of expressway service area into two aspects: internal and external. Main internal parking, rest, refueling, maintenance, catering, toilet, external main functions are emergency rescue, road repair and so on. Through the introduction and analysis of the common functions of the expressway service area, the needs of the road users and the types of emergencies that may exist in the expressway service area are understood. Secondly, the emergency assessment of expressway service area is analyzed. The evaluation index system of emergency response ability of expressway service area is constructed from four aspects: the ability of monitoring and early warning, the ability of basic support, the ability of emergency response and the ability of emergency recovery. Finally, the evaluation model of emergency response ability of expressway service area is established, and case analysis is carried out in combination with engineering practice. The weight of each index of emergency evaluation in expressway service area is determined by AHP, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of Jilin section of Beijing-Kazak Expressway is carried out by using fuzzy evaluation method, and relevant suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.8

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