公路黄土边坡崩塌灾害风险性评价及对策研究
发布时间：2018-11-06 14:11
【摘要】：公路交通已经成为人类出行的首要选择,在人们生活中起到不可替代的作用。公路作为一种带状的结构物,难以避免的穿越不同的地质环境,会遇到各种类型的地质灾害。为此,提高公路抵御自然灾害能力已是一种趋势,尤其是在地质环境较差的地区。由于黄土的特殊性质,使修建在陕北黄土地区的公路容易出现黄土崩塌灾害。为减少灾害对公路、人员等造成的损失和伤亡,有必要开展该区域公路的黄土崩塌灾害的风险评价研究,对黄土地区公路边坡灾害治理和减灾防灾工作具有重要的指导意义。本论文以G210延安段为依托工程,针对黄土地区公路崩塌灾害,从灾害危险性、承载体易损性两个方面开展研究,进而分析黄土边坡的风险并提出评价方法。首先,广泛收集国内外关于黄土崩塌灾害的相关资料,通过对G210延安段的黄土崩塌灾害的现场调研,搜集分析历史灾害资料,分析了黄土崩塌灾害的类型及特点。其次,通过定性与定量分析相结合的方法对边坡的黄土崩塌灾害进行危险性分析。分析确定了黄土崩塌灾害的危险因子以及影响机理。根据主要危险因子作用特点,对典型的灾害点进行危险性评价,为边坡风险评价提供依据。同时,运用定量分析的方法进行边坡稳定性计算,并将稳定系数转换为危险概率与定性分析结果对应。再次,根据崩塌灾害机理和黄土地区公路边坡的特征,对边坡的易损性进行评价。在边坡的危险性评价、易损性评价和期望损失评价的基础上,提出边坡的风险评估方法及风险分级。最后,根据风险评价确定边坡所遭受破坏的可接受水平,有针对性的采取相应的治理对策,并对工程实例边坡进行了说明。
[Abstract]:Road traffic has become the primary choice of human travel, and plays an irreplaceable role in people's lives. Highway as a kind of belt structure, it is difficult to avoid through different geological environment, will encounter various types of geological disasters. Therefore, it is a trend to improve highway resilience to natural disasters, especially in areas with poor geological environment. Because of the special nature of loess, loess collapse is easy to occur on the highway built in loess area of northern Shaanxi. In order to reduce the losses and casualties caused by disasters to highway and personnel, it is necessary to study the risk assessment of loess collapse disaster of highway in this region, which has important guiding significance for highway slope disaster management and disaster mitigation and prevention work in loess area. Based on the project of G210 Yan'an section, aiming at the disaster of highway collapse in loess area, this paper studies the hazard risk and the vulnerability of bearing body, and then analyzes the risk of loess slope and puts forward the evaluation method. First of all, extensive collection of domestic and foreign information on loess collapse disaster, through the field investigation of loess collapse disaster in G210 Yan'an section, collect and analyze the historical disaster data, and analyze the types and characteristics of loess collapse disaster. Secondly, the hazard of loess collapse is analyzed by the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The risk factors and influencing mechanism of loess collapse disaster are analyzed and determined. According to the action characteristics of main risk factors, the risk assessment of typical disaster points is carried out, which provides the basis for slope risk assessment. At the same time, the slope stability is calculated by the quantitative analysis method, and the stability coefficient is converted to the risk probability corresponding to the qualitative analysis results. Thirdly, according to the mechanism of collapse disaster and the characteristics of highway slope in loess area, the vulnerability of slope is evaluated. On the basis of risk assessment, vulnerability evaluation and expected loss evaluation of slope, the risk assessment method and risk classification of slope are put forward. Finally, according to the risk evaluation to determine the acceptable level of slope damage, targeted to take appropriate measures to control the slope, and engineering examples of the slope were explained.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418.55
[Abstract]:Road traffic has become the primary choice of human travel, and plays an irreplaceable role in people's lives. Highway as a kind of belt structure, it is difficult to avoid through different geological environment, will encounter various types of geological disasters. Therefore, it is a trend to improve highway resilience to natural disasters, especially in areas with poor geological environment. Because of the special nature of loess, loess collapse is easy to occur on the highway built in loess area of northern Shaanxi. In order to reduce the losses and casualties caused by disasters to highway and personnel, it is necessary to study the risk assessment of loess collapse disaster of highway in this region, which has important guiding significance for highway slope disaster management and disaster mitigation and prevention work in loess area. Based on the project of G210 Yan'an section, aiming at the disaster of highway collapse in loess area, this paper studies the hazard risk and the vulnerability of bearing body, and then analyzes the risk of loess slope and puts forward the evaluation method. First of all, extensive collection of domestic and foreign information on loess collapse disaster, through the field investigation of loess collapse disaster in G210 Yan'an section, collect and analyze the historical disaster data, and analyze the types and characteristics of loess collapse disaster. Secondly, the hazard of loess collapse is analyzed by the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The risk factors and influencing mechanism of loess collapse disaster are analyzed and determined. According to the action characteristics of main risk factors, the risk assessment of typical disaster points is carried out, which provides the basis for slope risk assessment. At the same time, the slope stability is calculated by the quantitative analysis method, and the stability coefficient is converted to the risk probability corresponding to the qualitative analysis results. Thirdly, according to the mechanism of collapse disaster and the characteristics of highway slope in loess area, the vulnerability of slope is evaluated. On the basis of risk assessment, vulnerability evaluation and expected loss evaluation of slope, the risk assessment method and risk classification of slope are put forward. Finally, according to the risk evaluation to determine the acceptable level of slope damage, targeted to take appropriate measures to control the slope, and engineering examples of the slope were explained.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418.55
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