妈湾跨海隧道排烟技术及人员疏散研究
发布时间：2018-11-14 15:03
【摘要】：伴随着我国城市交通建设的的快速发展,城市地下空间的开发利用也加快了步伐,其中水下隧道的建设更是取得了举世瞩目的成就,一大批河底、江底、海底隧道涌现了出来。随着修建的跨海隧道越来越复杂,其发生着火灾及交通事故的概率也越来越大,因水下隧道一般呈"U"字型且构造封闭,另外交通组成复杂,一旦发生火灾,灾情难以控制且损失惨重,故水下隧道的烟气控制技术已经成为了其安全运营的关键控制因素。本文以妈湾跨海隧道为依托,采用资料调研、经验公式与数值模拟相结合的方法,对水下隧道的明挖段、单层盾构段及双层盾构段的排烟技术及人员疏散进行了深入系统的研究,本论文完成的研究工作主要有:(1)通过资料调研得出了当前水下隧道排烟技术已形成了"明挖两端纵向排烟+中间盾构重点排烟",人员疏散已形成"明挖人行横通道疏散+盾构楼梯(滑梯)"的模式,分别确定了火灾FDS及人员Pathfinder模拟基础参数。(2)通过对明挖段是否设置开孔,研究了其单向蔓延、对称蔓延条件下烟气流动特性以及人员耐受极限,得到相应主洞两端及入口匝道的最佳控制风速。通过设置开孔段,当单向蔓延时,主隧道内的风速3.5m/s小于不开孔时主隧道4m/s的控制风速;当双向对称蔓延时,前10min内烟气对称蔓延效果较好,但生理指标严重超过人体耐受极限。(3)采用单层盾构隧道模型,根据排烟效率及排烟口下风速,得到了最佳排烟口的参数,并据此分别得到了单层、双层盾构隧道的在纵向通风的临界风速,同时开启上下游排烟口重点排烟以及只开启下游排烟口重点排烟的排烟风量,依据CO体积浓度、人眼高度能见度、人眼高度温度等得到了 ASET曲线,总结出了及时开启火灾点正上方的排烟口更利于排烟及人员疏散。(4)通过Pathfinder模拟软件研究得到了明挖段最佳横通道间距240m,单层盾构段及双层盾构段最佳楼梯间距为80m。利用滑梯等效为楼梯的方法,对比研究了单层盾构隧道组合疏散模式:"横通道+楼梯"、"楼梯+滑梯"的楼梯及横通道间距的取值,还得到了双层盾构隧道自下而上的疏散模式时楼梯间距,据此得到了 RSET曲线。通过对比经验公式验证了模拟结果的可靠性,总结出同时开启上下游排烟口的安全性最高,只开启下游排烟口次之,纵向排烟(不开启排烟口)安全性最差。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban traffic construction in China, the development and utilization of urban underground space has also accelerated, among which the construction of underwater tunnels has made remarkable achievements, a large number of river bottom, submarine tunnels have emerged. With the construction of cross-sea tunnels becoming more and more complex, the probability of fire and traffic accidents is also increasing. Because underwater tunnels are usually "U" shaped and closed, and the traffic composition is complex, once a fire occurs, The disaster situation is difficult to control and the losses are heavy, so the smoke control technology of underwater tunnel has become the key control factor of its safe operation. Based on the sea crossing tunnel of Mawan, this paper adopts the method of data investigation, empirical formula and numerical simulation to study the open excavation section of underwater tunnel. The smoke exhaust technology and evacuation of the single-layer shield section and the double-layer shield section are studied systematically and deeply. The main works of this thesis are as follows: (1) through the investigation and investigation of the data, it is concluded that the current smoke exhaust technology of underwater tunnel has formed the "longitudinal smoke exhaust between the two ends of the open excavation and the middle shield". Evacuation has formed the mode of "evacuation shield staircase (slide)" in open excavator cross passage. The basic parameters of fire FDS and human Pathfinder simulation are determined respectively. (2) the one-way spread is studied by opening holes or not in the open excavation section. Under the condition of symmetrical spread, the characteristics of flue gas flow and the limit of personnel tolerance are obtained, and the optimal control wind speed at the two ends of the main tunnel and the entrance ramp is obtained. By setting the opening section, the wind speed 3.5m/s in the main tunnel is smaller than the control wind speed of the main tunnel 4m/s when the main tunnel is spread in one direction. When bidirectional symmetrical spread, the effect of smoke symmetrical spread in pre-10min is better, but physiological indexes exceed human tolerance limit seriously. (3) adopting single-layer shield tunnel model, according to smoke exhaust efficiency and wind speed under smoke outlet, The parameters of the optimal exhaust outlet are obtained, and the critical wind speed of longitudinal ventilation of single-layer and double-layer shield tunnel is obtained respectively. At the same time, the critical ventilation rate of the upstream and downstream exhaust outlets and the key exhaust volume of the downstream exhaust outlets are opened respectively. According to the volume concentration of CO, the visibility of the human eye and the temperature of the human eye, the ASET curve is obtained. It is concluded that opening the smoke outlet directly above the fire spot in time is more favorable for smoke exhaust and evacuation. (4) through the research of Pathfinder simulation software, the optimum distance of cross passage is 240 m, and the optimal staircase spacing of single shield section and double shield section is 80 m. By using the method that the slide is equivalent to the staircase, the combined evacuation modes of single-layer shield tunnel are compared and studied: the value of the staircase and the distance between the stair and the transverse passage of the "stairway staircase" and "stairway slide". The staircase spacing of the double shield tunnel from bottom to top is obtained, and the RSET curve is obtained. The reliability of the simulation results is verified by comparing the empirical formulas. The results show that the safety of simultaneously opening the upper and lower outlet is the highest, only the downstream outlet is the second, and the longitudinal exhaust (not opening the outlet) is the worst.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U458
本文编号：2331510
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban traffic construction in China, the development and utilization of urban underground space has also accelerated, among which the construction of underwater tunnels has made remarkable achievements, a large number of river bottom, submarine tunnels have emerged. With the construction of cross-sea tunnels becoming more and more complex, the probability of fire and traffic accidents is also increasing. Because underwater tunnels are usually "U" shaped and closed, and the traffic composition is complex, once a fire occurs, The disaster situation is difficult to control and the losses are heavy, so the smoke control technology of underwater tunnel has become the key control factor of its safe operation. Based on the sea crossing tunnel of Mawan, this paper adopts the method of data investigation, empirical formula and numerical simulation to study the open excavation section of underwater tunnel. The smoke exhaust technology and evacuation of the single-layer shield section and the double-layer shield section are studied systematically and deeply. The main works of this thesis are as follows: (1) through the investigation and investigation of the data, it is concluded that the current smoke exhaust technology of underwater tunnel has formed the "longitudinal smoke exhaust between the two ends of the open excavation and the middle shield". Evacuation has formed the mode of "evacuation shield staircase (slide)" in open excavator cross passage. The basic parameters of fire FDS and human Pathfinder simulation are determined respectively. (2) the one-way spread is studied by opening holes or not in the open excavation section. Under the condition of symmetrical spread, the characteristics of flue gas flow and the limit of personnel tolerance are obtained, and the optimal control wind speed at the two ends of the main tunnel and the entrance ramp is obtained. By setting the opening section, the wind speed 3.5m/s in the main tunnel is smaller than the control wind speed of the main tunnel 4m/s when the main tunnel is spread in one direction. When bidirectional symmetrical spread, the effect of smoke symmetrical spread in pre-10min is better, but physiological indexes exceed human tolerance limit seriously. (3) adopting single-layer shield tunnel model, according to smoke exhaust efficiency and wind speed under smoke outlet, The parameters of the optimal exhaust outlet are obtained, and the critical wind speed of longitudinal ventilation of single-layer and double-layer shield tunnel is obtained respectively. At the same time, the critical ventilation rate of the upstream and downstream exhaust outlets and the key exhaust volume of the downstream exhaust outlets are opened respectively. According to the volume concentration of CO, the visibility of the human eye and the temperature of the human eye, the ASET curve is obtained. It is concluded that opening the smoke outlet directly above the fire spot in time is more favorable for smoke exhaust and evacuation. (4) through the research of Pathfinder simulation software, the optimum distance of cross passage is 240 m, and the optimal staircase spacing of single shield section and double shield section is 80 m. By using the method that the slide is equivalent to the staircase, the combined evacuation modes of single-layer shield tunnel are compared and studied: the value of the staircase and the distance between the stair and the transverse passage of the "stairway staircase" and "stairway slide". The staircase spacing of the double shield tunnel from bottom to top is obtained, and the RSET curve is obtained. The reliability of the simulation results is verified by comparing the empirical formulas. The results show that the safety of simultaneously opening the upper and lower outlet is the highest, only the downstream outlet is the second, and the longitudinal exhaust (not opening the outlet) is the worst.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U458
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