人—车碰撞事故中的车速计算方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 17:00

【摘要】：行人是交通事故中的弱势群体,在2008年至2013年间,人—车碰撞事故导致的死亡人数占有交通事故死亡人数的26%,平均每百次人—车碰撞事故就有32人死亡,死亡率远远高于其他类型的交通事故。因此,在人—车事故处理中,对碰撞时车速计算,以及碰撞后行人损伤、车辆碰撞痕迹、人与车最终停止状态等后果,与事故中的行人、车辆、道路各因素的相关性分析鉴定,越来越受到交警部门和交通事故当事各方的重视,这对鉴定分析的要求也越来越高。因此利用碰撞后行人受伤害情况、车辆碰撞痕迹、人—车最终停止状态等交事故勘验信息,深入进行人—车碰撞事故的车速预估与过程仿真再现的研究,提高交通事故车速鉴定的精度和效率很有必要。本文简要讨论了国内外对人—车碰撞事故分析技术研究现状,事故调查方法和现状,对比了国内外事故信息采集情况和深度调查项目,介绍了人—车事故的痕迹特点。为了研究行人、车辆、道路三方面中对人—车碰撞的影响因素,本文设计包含12个因素,每个参数取3个水平的正交试验L27(313)。利用PC-CRASH仿真软件研究了车前端高度、车前端底部离地高度、车前端长度、人身高、人体重、车速、碰撞方向、碰撞位置、人速度、人—车摩擦因数、人与路面摩擦因数和附着系数对人—车最终停止相对距离影响的显著性,最终得到显著性因素:车速和车辆前端长度,以及次级显著性因素:车辆前端高度、行人高度和碰撞角度。并利用真实案例根据因素显著性情况调整碰撞模型,最终验证根据显著性情况对人—车事故重建具有一定的可行性。借助MADYMO多刚体仿真软件来构建人—车碰撞模型,分别调整显著性因素车速、车辆前端长度、前端高度、行人高度和碰撞角度对人—车最终停止相对距离、包络线长度和行人HIC的影响规律:人—车最终停止相对距离随行人高度和前端长度的增加而减小,随车速、前端高度和碰撞角度的增加而增大。包络线的长度随行人高度和车速的增大而增加,随前端长度和前端高度的增大而减小并且碰撞角度对包络线的影响不大。行人HIC随着车速的增加而增加,随着前端长度、前端高度、行人高度和碰撞角度的增加而减小。最后利用SPSS统计学软件对仿真数据进行统计分析,得到了两个多元线性回归的预测模型,分析了车速与人—车最终停止相对距离、行人身高、碰撞角度、车辆前端高度和车辆前端长度的关系,以及车速和包络线长度、行人身高、车辆前端高度和车辆前端长度的关系的回归方程,并通过3个真实案例验证了两个回归方程的实用性。可供交通事故车速鉴定人员快速估算人—车碰撞事故的车速参考。
[Abstract]:Pedestrians are a vulnerable group in traffic accidents. Between 2008 and 2013, the number of people killed in human-vehicle crashes accounted for 26 percent of the traffic fatalities, with an average of 32 deaths per 100 crashes. The mortality rate is far higher than other types of traffic accidents. Therefore, in dealing with man-vehicle accidents, the effects of calculating the speed of the collision, the pedestrian injury after the collision, the marks of the vehicle collision, the final stop state of the person and the vehicle, and the correlation between the pedestrian, vehicle and road factors in the accident are analyzed and identified. Traffic police departments and traffic accident parties pay more and more attention to the identification and analysis. Therefore, based on the information of pedestrian injury after collision, vehicle collision trace and the final stop state of man-vehicle, the speed estimation and simulation reappearance of man-vehicle collision accident are studied in depth. It is necessary to improve the accuracy and efficiency of traffic accident speed identification. This paper briefly discusses the present research situation, accident investigation methods and present situation of man-vehicle crash analysis technology at home and abroad, compares the situation of accident information collection and depth investigation project at home and abroad, and introduces the trace characteristics of man-vehicle accident. In order to study the influence factors of pedestrian, vehicle and road on the collision between man and vehicle, the design of this paper consists of 12 factors, with 3 levels of orthogonal test L27 (313) for each parameter. The height of the front end of the vehicle, the height of the bottom of the front end from the ground, the length of the front end of the vehicle, the height of the person, the weight of the person, the speed of the vehicle, the direction of the collision, the position of the collision, the speed of the person, the friction coefficient of the car and The effects of friction coefficient and adhesion coefficient on the relative distance between the man and the vehicle were significant. Finally, the significant factors were obtained: the speed and the length of the front end of the vehicle, and the secondary significant factor: the height of the front end of the vehicle, the length of the front end of the vehicle, Pedestrian height and impact angle. The real case is used to adjust the collision model according to the significance of the factors, and finally it is proved that it is feasible to reconstruct the human-vehicle accident according to the salient case. The human-vehicle collision model was constructed by means of MADYMO multi-rigid body simulation software. Significant factors such as vehicle speed, vehicle front end length, front end height, pedestrian height and impact angle were adjusted respectively. The influence law of envelope length and pedestrian HIC: the relative distance between the passenger and the vehicle finally decreases with the increase of the height and the length of the front end, and increases with the increase of the speed, the height of the front end and the impact angle. The length of the envelope increases with the increase of the height and speed of the walker, and decreases with the increase of the length of the front end and the height of the front end, and the impact angle has little effect on the envelope. The pedestrian HIC increases with the increase of the speed, and decreases with the increase of the length of the front end, the height of the pedestrian and the impact angle. Finally, the simulation data are statistically analyzed by SPSS software, and two multivariate linear regression prediction models are obtained. The relative distance between the speed and the final stop of the man-vehicle, the height of the pedestrian, the angle of collision are analyzed. The regression equation of the relationship between the height of the front end of the vehicle and the length of the front end of the vehicle, as well as the relationship between the speed and the length of the envelope line, the height of pedestrians, the height of the front end of the vehicle and the length of the front end of the vehicle, The practicability of the two regression equations is verified by three real cases. It can be used as a reference for estimating the speed of a man-car collision accident.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491.31

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