隧道近火源热参数与排烟风口烟阻塞效应实验研究
发布时间：2018-11-19 10:31
【摘要】：横向通风结合大尺度排烟口分段集中排烟,在隧道结构设计以及消防安全救援中体现的诸多优点,代表着隧道建设未来新方向,具有广泛的应用前景。本文以集中排烟隧道道设计特性,搭建了1:20缩尺隧道火灾安全实验模型平台,对隧道内近火源热参数以及多扰量耦合作用下烟阻塞效应进行实验研究。隧道火灾危害的根源在火源,无论是研究热烟气对于隧道结构的影响,还是研究火源对于周围物体的热流,都离不开火源本身的特性即火焰的特性参数既火焰长度和火焰倾角。在前人已做大量工作的基础上继续改进,把火焰的波动引入到火焰几何特性参数中去,分析了不同火焰概率情况下,火源强度以及横风对于火焰几何参数的影响。为了提高实验结论的适用性,更好的推广至实际生产中去,选取了多个经典隧道火灾实验模型进行了对比,对于文中常用的数据都进行了无量纲化处理。对上游垂直风流单独作用下热烟气扩散规律、近火源辐射特性进行了深入探讨,文中把热烟气最高温度位置以概率的形式体现出来,也旁证了火焰的不稳定性。定义了辐射系数k,既辐射热流与总热流比值,用以研究近火源辐射特性。借鉴Lubin水箱实验思路,不同密度流体孔口流出,可能会产生烟阻塞效应现象,对大尺度排烟口下方密度差异较大的热烟气与冷空气引起阻塞效应,进行了实验研究。随着火源强度的增加,临界排烟量也随之增加,提出对应情况下可以通过测得顶壁下方热烟气温度,为排烟量提供响应变化关系,使排烟效率最大化。实验分析了横向风速与临界排烟量的关系,随着横向风速的增加,临界排烟量也随之增加,提出了对于横向风速应该在满足于烟气不逆流情况下,最小横向风速。
[Abstract]:Transverse ventilation combined with large scale smoke exhaust section centralized exhaust, in the tunnel structure design and fire safety rescue embodies many advantages, represents a new direction of tunnel construction, and has a wide range of application prospects. Based on the design characteristics of the tunnel with concentrated exhaust gas, a fire safety experimental platform of 1:20 scale tunnel is built, and the smoke blocking effect under the coupling of the thermal parameters near the fire source and the multiple disturbances in the tunnel is studied experimentally. The origin of tunnel fire hazard lies in the fire source. Whether it is to study the influence of hot smoke on the tunnel structure or to study the heat flow of the fire source to the surrounding objects, the characteristics of the fire source itself, namely, the flame length and the flame inclination angle, can not be separated from the characteristics of the fire source itself. On the basis of a great deal of work done by predecessors, the fluctuation of flame is introduced into the geometric characteristic parameters of flame, and the influence of fire source intensity and crosswind on the geometric parameters of flame is analyzed under different flame probability. In order to improve the applicability of the experimental results and extend them to practical production, several classical tunnel fire experimental models are selected and compared, and the commonly used data in this paper are processed in a dimensionless manner. The characteristics of thermal flue gas diffusion under the action of vertical air flow in the upper reaches are discussed in depth. The maximum temperature position of hot smoke is reflected in the form of probability, and the instability of flame is also proved. The radiation coefficient k, the ratio of the radiant heat flux to the total heat flux, is defined to study the radiation characteristics of the near fire source. Based on the experimental thinking of Lubin water tank, the phenomenon of smoke blockage may occur when the orifice of fluid with different density flows out. The blockage effect caused by hot smoke and cold air under the large scale smoke outlet is studied experimentally. With the increase of the intensity of the fire source, the critical amount of smoke exhaust also increases. It is suggested that under the corresponding circumstances, the hot flue gas temperature under the top wall can be measured to provide a response change relation for the exhaust quantity and maximize the smoke exhaust efficiency. The relationship between the transverse wind speed and the critical smoke exhaust volume is analyzed experimentally. With the increase of the transverse wind speed, the critical smoke exhaust volume also increases. It is proposed that the minimum transverse wind speed should be satisfied with the non-countercurrent of flue gas for the transverse wind speed.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U458.1;U453
本文编号：2342033
[Abstract]:Transverse ventilation combined with large scale smoke exhaust section centralized exhaust, in the tunnel structure design and fire safety rescue embodies many advantages, represents a new direction of tunnel construction, and has a wide range of application prospects. Based on the design characteristics of the tunnel with concentrated exhaust gas, a fire safety experimental platform of 1:20 scale tunnel is built, and the smoke blocking effect under the coupling of the thermal parameters near the fire source and the multiple disturbances in the tunnel is studied experimentally. The origin of tunnel fire hazard lies in the fire source. Whether it is to study the influence of hot smoke on the tunnel structure or to study the heat flow of the fire source to the surrounding objects, the characteristics of the fire source itself, namely, the flame length and the flame inclination angle, can not be separated from the characteristics of the fire source itself. On the basis of a great deal of work done by predecessors, the fluctuation of flame is introduced into the geometric characteristic parameters of flame, and the influence of fire source intensity and crosswind on the geometric parameters of flame is analyzed under different flame probability. In order to improve the applicability of the experimental results and extend them to practical production, several classical tunnel fire experimental models are selected and compared, and the commonly used data in this paper are processed in a dimensionless manner. The characteristics of thermal flue gas diffusion under the action of vertical air flow in the upper reaches are discussed in depth. The maximum temperature position of hot smoke is reflected in the form of probability, and the instability of flame is also proved. The radiation coefficient k, the ratio of the radiant heat flux to the total heat flux, is defined to study the radiation characteristics of the near fire source. Based on the experimental thinking of Lubin water tank, the phenomenon of smoke blockage may occur when the orifice of fluid with different density flows out. The blockage effect caused by hot smoke and cold air under the large scale smoke outlet is studied experimentally. With the increase of the intensity of the fire source, the critical amount of smoke exhaust also increases. It is suggested that under the corresponding circumstances, the hot flue gas temperature under the top wall can be measured to provide a response change relation for the exhaust quantity and maximize the smoke exhaust efficiency. The relationship between the transverse wind speed and the critical smoke exhaust volume is analyzed experimentally. With the increase of the transverse wind speed, the critical smoke exhaust volume also increases. It is proposed that the minimum transverse wind speed should be satisfied with the non-countercurrent of flue gas for the transverse wind speed.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U458.1;U453
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