基于活动方法的瓶颈模型与拥挤收费问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 04:52

【摘要】：Vickrey提出的基于出行的瓶颈模型以出行作为分析单位,没有考虑出行与活动之间的相互关联.本文对Vickrey的瓶颈模型进行了拓展,提出了基于活动的瓶颈模型来研究通勤者早晨上班出发时间决策问题,模型考虑了通勤者对出行负效用与活动效用之间的权衡.在基于活动的瓶颈模型的基础上,分别研究了常数和线性边际活动效用下瓶颈动态拥挤收费和阶梯收费问题,并与传统的瓶颈模型的解进行比较.结果表明,当活动的边际效用为线性函数时,瓶颈处最优动态收费曲线不再呈分段线性关系,而是分段二次曲线;与基于活动的瓶颈模型相比,传统的基于出行的瓶颈模型将高估瓶颈处的排队延误、阶梯收费水平,以及早高峰的开始和结束时间;基于出行的瓶颈模型和常数边际活动效用下的瓶颈模型导致的最优阶梯收费是最优动态收费最大值的一半,并且刚好消除瓶颈处排队延误的一半;与线性边际活动效用下的瓶颈模型相比较,两者低估了阶梯收费能消除的瓶颈排队,从而低估了阶梯收费的效率.
[Abstract]:The bottleneck model based on trip proposed by Vickrey takes trip as an analytical unit and does not consider the correlation between trip and activity. In this paper, the bottleneck model of Vickrey is extended, and an activity-based bottleneck model is proposed to study the commuter's morning departure time decision. The model considers the trade-off between the commuter's negative utility and the activity utility. Based on the activity-based bottleneck model, the problem of dynamic congestion pricing and ladder pricing under constant and linear marginal activity utility is studied, and the results are compared with those of the traditional bottleneck model. The results show that when the marginal utility of the activity is a linear function, the optimal dynamic toll curve at the bottleneck is no longer piecewise linear, but piecewise quadratic; Compared with the activity-based bottleneck model, the traditional travel-based bottleneck model overestimates the queue delay, the level of ladder charges, and the start and end time of the early peak. Based on the bottleneck model of travel and the bottleneck model under the constant marginal activity utility, the optimal ladder toll is half of the maximum value of the optimal dynamic toll, and just eliminates the half of the queue delay at the bottleneck. Compared with the bottleneck model under linear marginal activity utility, they underestimate the bottleneck queue which can be eliminated by ladder pricing, thus underestimating the efficiency of ladder pricing.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学管理学院;
【基金】：国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(71525003) 华中科技大学“双一流”建设资助项目(5001300001)
【分类号】：U491

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