私家车出行者效用视角的停车收费测算研究
发布时间：2018-11-22 12:33
【摘要】：随着国民经济的持续快速发展,机动车保有量不断增加,由于受现有基础设施、投资力度、资源等方面的制约,又加上交通设施供应的增长相对滞后,出现了一系列“行车难”、“停车难”的城市交通问题。为了有效的缓解交通压力,使道路通行顺畅,国内外许多知名学者致力于通过调整出行者出行结构,改善交通拥堵状况。目前,在众多的缓堵保畅措施实践中,停车收费被证明是一种行之有效的手段。论文以制定合理的停车收费费率,调节出行者出行结构,缓解城市交通压力为目标。首先从效用理论入手,建立以随机效用最大化为基础的停车收费影响的Logit模型,并计算出在不同停车收费费率水平下,小汽车的分担率以及部分出行者放弃小汽车选择公交车的比例。其次,在效用视角下,私家车出行者对停车收费的理解期望效用就等于选择该交通方式的概率。基于私家车出行者对停车收费的期望,建立分担率影响的理解期望效用函数,不同停车收费费率水平下,出行者对停车收费的理解期望效用不同。最后,根据理解期望效用函数与满意度函数之间的关系,推导出满意度函数,并针对私家车出行者对停车收费的敏感性进行分析。以西安市为例进行实证研究,并从区域划分、区域功能、停车设施的完善三个方面对西安市停车收费提出可行性建议。全文主要运用理论与实证、定性与定量相结合的方法,从效用的角度,对停车收费费率进行测算,确定停车收费费率的阀值。通过研究得出:理解期望效用随收费费率的增加而增大,达到某一固定值后保持不变;而私家车出行者对停车收费的满意度均为负值,私家车出行者对停车收费认知程度高,满意度随收费费率的增加减小的速度较缓慢,反之,出行者对停车收费认知程度低,满意度随收费费率的增加减小的速度较迅速。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, the number of motor vehicles has been increasing. Due to the constraints of existing infrastructure, investment and resources, and the relative lag in the growth of transport facilities supply, There are a series of "driving difficulties", "parking difficulties" of urban traffic problems. In order to effectively relieve traffic pressure and make the road smooth, many famous scholars at home and abroad are committed to improve traffic congestion by adjusting the structure of travelers. At present, parking charge has been proved to be an effective method in the practice of many slow blocking measures. The purpose of this paper is to establish reasonable parking fee rate, adjust the travel structure of travelers and relieve the pressure of urban traffic. Based on the utility theory, the Logit model of parking fee effect based on random utility maximization is established, and the different parking fee rates are calculated. The share of cars and the proportion of some travelers giving up cars and choosing buses. Secondly, from the perspective of utility, private car traveler's understanding of parking fee is equal to the probability of choosing this mode of transportation. Based on the expectation of private car travelers on parking fees, the expected utility function of the effect of sharing rate is established. Under different parking fee rates, travelers have different understanding of the expected utility of parking fees. Finally, according to the understanding of the relationship between the expected utility function and the satisfaction function, the satisfaction function is derived, and the sensitivity of private car travelers to parking charges is analyzed. Taking Xi'an as an example, this paper makes an empirical study, and puts forward some feasible suggestions on parking charges in Xi'an from the following three aspects: regional division, regional function and the improvement of parking facilities. This paper mainly uses the theory and demonstration, qualitative and quantitative methods, from the point of view of utility, to calculate the parking fee rate and determine the threshold value of parking toll rate. Through the study, it is concluded that the expected utility increases with the increase of the fee rate, and remains unchanged after a fixed value is reached; The satisfaction of private car travelers on parking charges are negative, private car travelers have a high level of awareness of parking charges, the satisfaction rate decreases slowly with the increase of toll rates, on the contrary, the level of awareness of parking charges is low. The rate of satisfaction decreases rapidly with the increase of charge rate.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.7
本文编号：2349386
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, the number of motor vehicles has been increasing. Due to the constraints of existing infrastructure, investment and resources, and the relative lag in the growth of transport facilities supply, There are a series of "driving difficulties", "parking difficulties" of urban traffic problems. In order to effectively relieve traffic pressure and make the road smooth, many famous scholars at home and abroad are committed to improve traffic congestion by adjusting the structure of travelers. At present, parking charge has been proved to be an effective method in the practice of many slow blocking measures. The purpose of this paper is to establish reasonable parking fee rate, adjust the travel structure of travelers and relieve the pressure of urban traffic. Based on the utility theory, the Logit model of parking fee effect based on random utility maximization is established, and the different parking fee rates are calculated. The share of cars and the proportion of some travelers giving up cars and choosing buses. Secondly, from the perspective of utility, private car traveler's understanding of parking fee is equal to the probability of choosing this mode of transportation. Based on the expectation of private car travelers on parking fees, the expected utility function of the effect of sharing rate is established. Under different parking fee rates, travelers have different understanding of the expected utility of parking fees. Finally, according to the understanding of the relationship between the expected utility function and the satisfaction function, the satisfaction function is derived, and the sensitivity of private car travelers to parking charges is analyzed. Taking Xi'an as an example, this paper makes an empirical study, and puts forward some feasible suggestions on parking charges in Xi'an from the following three aspects: regional division, regional function and the improvement of parking facilities. This paper mainly uses the theory and demonstration, qualitative and quantitative methods, from the point of view of utility, to calculate the parking fee rate and determine the threshold value of parking toll rate. Through the study, it is concluded that the expected utility increases with the increase of the fee rate, and remains unchanged after a fixed value is reached; The satisfaction of private car travelers on parking charges are negative, private car travelers have a high level of awareness of parking charges, the satisfaction rate decreases slowly with the increase of toll rates, on the contrary, the level of awareness of parking charges is low. The rate of satisfaction decreases rapidly with the increase of charge rate.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.7
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