基于原材料特性的橡胶沥青改性机理研究

发布时间：2018-11-23 13:42

【摘要】：废旧轮胎胶粉是固体废弃物的主要来源,通过将废旧轮胎胶粉进行沥青改性并用于沥青路面建设,不仅可有效减少其对环境的污染及实现资源的再利用,而且可显著提高沥青路面力学特性,如改善路面抗车辙、反射裂缝、水稳定性和降低疲劳开裂等性能,此外,橡胶沥青路面具有平整度好、高抗滑及地噪声等优良特性。但是,目前国内外对橡胶沥青不同工艺参数条件下的反应机理研究不明,在橡胶沥青生产及其应用过程中发现橡胶沥青性能较差且达不到预期效果。因此,如何生产及制备性能优良的橡胶沥青、探索不同反应条件下橡胶沥青反应机理,成为解决“湿法”橡胶沥青主要技术难题。首先,本研究在国内外橡胶沥青生产工艺参数、橡胶沥青反应机理的研究的基础上,结合室内大量试验,采用粘度、动态剪切流变仪(DSR)、红外光谱(FTIR)以及凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等试验方法对橡胶沥青反应参数及内部反应机理进行研究,并对不同反应参数下橡胶沥青反应机理进行定性及定量分析;结合数理统计方法,建立多指标的橡胶沥青生产工艺参数评价模型,确定了橡胶沥青的最佳工艺参数;其次,根据已得到的橡胶沥青生产工艺参数,制备不同生产工艺胶粉改性沥青,包括常温法生产工艺胶粉和冷冻法生产工艺的胶粉,研究不同工艺胶粉及其掺量和粒径对橡胶沥青性能的影响;最后,选取不同来源的基质沥青,研究基质沥青来源对橡胶沥青性能的影响。结果表明,反应温度、胶粉掺量、搅拌速率及反应时间对橡胶沥青性能都具有非常显著性影响,橡胶沥青的反应不是单个反应参数的单独作用,而是所有因素共同作用下的复杂反应;基于TOPSIS的橡胶沥青多指标优化评价,得出橡胶沥青最优参数为反应温度190℃、胶粉掺量为20%、搅拌速率为2000r/min、反应时间为60min。其次,通过橡胶沥青性能测试表明,常温生产胶粉改性沥青性能要明显高于冷冻生产胶粉改性沥青性能;橡胶沥青胶粉掺量越大,橡胶沥青粘度越大;且40目胶粉改性沥青的性能明显优于30目和80目;通过FTIR测试表明,常温胶粉改性沥青较冷冻胶粉改性沥青反应更剧烈,产生新的官能团;而常温和冷冻胶粉改性沥青的LMS变化并无明显规律。最后,通过对基质沥青来源对橡胶沥青性能的测试表明,基质沥青来源对橡胶沥青性能起到非常显著性作用;克炼沥青与胶粉的反应较其它两种沥青更剧烈,其分子结构中LMS显著增大并产生新的官能团,克炼橡胶沥青性能也最好,SK次之,埃索改性性能最差。
[Abstract]:Waste tire rubber powder is the main source of solid waste. By modifying the waste tire rubber powder with asphalt and using it in asphalt pavement construction, it can not only effectively reduce the pollution to the environment and realize the reuse of resources. The mechanical properties of asphalt pavement such as rutting resistance, reflective crack, water stability and fatigue cracking can be improved significantly. In addition, rubber asphalt pavement has good smoothness, high skid resistance and ground noise. However, the research on the reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt under different technological parameters is unclear at home and abroad. It is found that the performance of rubber asphalt is poor in the process of production and application of rubber asphalt and the expected effect is not achieved. Therefore, how to produce and prepare rubber asphalt with excellent performance and explore the reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt under different reaction conditions have become the main technical problems of "wet process" rubber asphalt. First of all, on the basis of the research on the technological parameters of rubber asphalt production and the reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt at home and abroad, combined with a large number of laboratory tests, the viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR),) was adopted. The reaction parameters and internal reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt were studied by IR (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The reaction mechanism of rubber asphalt under different reaction parameters was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Combined with mathematical statistics method, a multi-index evaluation model of rubber asphalt production process parameters is established, and the optimum process parameters of rubber asphalt are determined. Secondly, according to the obtained technological parameters of rubber asphalt production, different production process rubber powder modified asphalt, including normal temperature production process rubber powder and frozen production process rubber powder, The effects of rubber powder, its content and particle size on the properties of rubber pitch were studied. Finally, the influence of matrix asphalt source on the performance of rubber asphalt was studied. The results showed that the reaction temperature, the amount of rubber powder, the stirring rate and the reaction time all had significant effects on the performance of rubber asphalt, and the reaction of rubber asphalt was not a single reaction parameter. It is a complex reaction under the action of all factors. The optimum parameters of rubber asphalt based on TOPSIS are obtained as follows: reaction temperature 190 鈩，

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