不利天气条件下道路交通流特征机理研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 17:40

【摘要】：交通事故已成为中国人群伤害的重要原因,且不利天气下交通事故发生率比正常天气高很多。如何通过研究不利天气条件下道路交通流机理,准确把握不利天气下交通流特征,有效地对不利天气下的交通流进行管理和控制,对于解决不利天气下的交通问题具有重要的意义。论文依托国家自然基金项目对不利天气条件下道路交通流特征机理进行了研究,主要包括雨天交通流特性分析,跟驰模型参数的雨天标定、不利天气下换道模型和仿真分析。首先,根据气象标准对不利天气进行分类和分级,根据降雨类型划分标准,选取了四种不同降雨等级下的交通流数据,对其流量特性、速度特性以及交通流参数的关系特性进行了分析,并与晴天交通流特性进行了对比。其次,分析了降雨量与水膜厚度,水膜厚度与路面附着系数的关系,以最大制动加速度和安全距离作为中间变量,通过时间占有率与密度参数之间的转换,结合线性的密度。速度关系模型得到车辆期望速度：根据安全距离模型和期望速度模型,建立了考虑降雨影响的全速度差的改进模型,最后用实际交通流数据对模型中的参数进行标定,并对标定结果进行了评价。最后,量化分析了不利天气下的路面附着系数和驾驶员反应时间指标,建立了考虑不利天气影响的车辆换道模型,并通过仿真对晴天、雨天、雾天、雪天的车辆换道率和交通流时空图进行了对比分析,有效反应了不利天气下交通流换道机理。
[Abstract]:Traffic accidents have become an important cause of injury in Chinese population, and the incidence of traffic accidents in adverse weather is much higher than that in normal weather. How to study the mechanism of road traffic flow under adverse weather conditions, accurately grasp the characteristics of traffic flow in adverse weather, and effectively manage and control traffic flow in adverse weather, It is of great significance to solve traffic problems in adverse weather. In this paper, the mechanism of road traffic flow characteristics under adverse weather conditions is studied based on the National Natural Fund project, including the analysis of traffic flow characteristics in rainy days, the calibration of the parameters of the following model, the changing model and simulation analysis under adverse weather conditions. First of all, according to the classification and classification of adverse weather according to the meteorological standards, according to the classification criteria of rainfall types, the traffic flow data under four different rainfall levels are selected, and the flow characteristics of the traffic flow are analyzed. The relationship between the velocity characteristics and the traffic flow parameters is analyzed and compared with the traffic flow characteristics in sunny days. Secondly, the relationship between rainfall and water film thickness, water film thickness and road adhesion coefficient is analyzed. The maximum braking acceleration and safe distance are taken as intermediate variables, and the linear density is combined by the conversion between time occupancy and density parameters. According to the safety distance model and the expected speed model, an improved model of full speed difference considering the influence of rainfall is established. Finally, the parameters of the model are calibrated with the actual traffic flow data. The calibration results are evaluated. Finally, the road adhesion coefficient and driver's reaction time index under adverse weather are quantitatively analyzed, and the vehicle changing model considering adverse weather is established, and the simulation results are given for sunny, rainy and foggy days. The traffic change rate and the traffic flow space-time map on snowy days are compared and analyzed, which effectively reflects the mechanism of traffic flow changing in adverse weather.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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