山地城市常规公交调度优化研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 13:01

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,城市交通需求不断增加,交通拥堵问题日益突出。山地城市因具有桥隧多、瓶颈多、路面窄、弯道急、纵坡陡等典型特征,其道路交通更易出现拥堵。目前,优先发展公共交通已成为缓解城市交通拥堵问题的有效途径。常规公交作为山地城市公共交通的主要成分,对改善城市交通拥堵面貌有着重要作用。因此,在道路与常规公交资源有限的前提下,开展山地城市常规公交调度优化研究,制定更为高效的发车调度计划,对提高山地城市常规公交运营效率、增强常规公交竞争力、缓解交通拥堵等显得极为重要。本文首先从山地城市的概念和形态出发,详细分析了山地城市的路网布局和居民出行特征、公共交通出行需求变化特征、常规公交客流分布和运营管理特征,凝炼出山地城市常规公交调度所存在的问题;其次,在综述常规公交一般调度策略和基本数学模型的基础上,深入剖析了常规公交基本调度和组合调度的基本原理,归纳了常规公交组合调度的优缺点和影响因素,提出了常规公交组合调度优化的目的和过程。然后,基于山地城市常规公交特点,从公交运营企业运营成本和乘客出行时间成本两方面着手,在全面分析常规公交调度成本的基础上,构建了山地城市常规公交组合调度优化模型,提出了基于遗传算法的模型求解方法。最后,运用所建模型对重庆108路常规公交线路的调度优化进行了案例应用分析,利用MATLAB软件解出了该线路的最优发车间隔和调度发车形式。结果表明,与现状单一的全程调度相比,实施最优组合调度优化后的108路常规公交线路成本节省了8.12%。本文以山地城市常规公交组合调度优化为研究对象,分析了城市常规公交组合调度优化的基本原理,建立了山地城市常规公交组合调度优化模型。研究成果能科学指导山地城市常规公交发车组合调度计划的制定,可为提高常规公交企业运营效率、提升常规公交服务水平、缓解山地城市交通压力等提供一定理论支撑。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's social economy, urban traffic demand is increasing, traffic congestion problem is increasingly prominent. Because of the typical characteristics such as more bridges and tunnels, more bottlenecks, narrow road surface, sharp curve and steep longitudinal slope, the mountain cities are more prone to congestion. At present, priority to the development of public transport has become an effective way to alleviate urban traffic congestion. As the main component of public transport in mountainous cities, bus routine plays an important role in improving urban traffic congestion. Therefore, under the premise of the limited resources of road and conventional public transport, we should carry out the optimization research of routine public transport scheduling in mountainous cities, and formulate more efficient dispatching plans, which will improve the efficiency of routine public transport operation and enhance the competitiveness of conventional public transport in mountainous cities. It is extremely important to ease traffic congestion. Starting from the concept and form of mountainous city, this paper analyzes in detail the road network layout and resident travel characteristics of mountainous cities, the changing characteristics of public transport travel demand, the distribution of passenger flow and operation management characteristics of conventional public transport. Condense out the problems existing in the routine bus dispatching in mountainous cities; Secondly, on the basis of summarizing the general dispatching strategy and basic mathematical model of conventional public transportation, the basic principles of basic dispatching and combined dispatching of conventional public transportation are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of combined dispatching of conventional public transportation and its influencing factors are summarized. The purpose and process of optimization of routine public transportation combination dispatching are put forward. Then, based on the characteristics of bus routine in mountainous cities, this paper starts with the operation cost and passenger travel time cost of public transport operation enterprises, and analyzes the cost of routine public transport dispatch in a comprehensive way. The optimization model of bus routine scheduling in mountainous cities is constructed, and a genetic algorithm (GA) method is proposed to solve the problem. Finally, a case study on the dispatching optimization of 108th bus routine line in Chongqing is carried out by using the established model, and the optimal departure interval and dispatching mode of the line are solved by using MATLAB software. The results show that the cost of 108 routine bus lines after the optimal combinatorial scheduling optimization is 8.1212. In this paper, the basic principle of urban conventional public transport combination scheduling optimization is analyzed, and the optimization model of mountainous city general transit combination scheduling is established. The research results can scientifically guide the formulation of routine bus departure scheduling plan in mountainous cities, which can provide certain theoretical support for improving the operation efficiency of conventional public transport enterprises, improving the service level of conventional public transport, and alleviating the traffic pressure in mountainous cities.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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