城市公共自行车站点布局优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 15:52

【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的快速发展,公共自行车系统一直作为政府、相关企业和学者的研究热点。我国将有更多城市加入公共自行车队列中,公共自行车系统如何科学的建设、运营也越来越重要。站点的设计布局(包括站点分布、站点规模合理性、站点系统完善度)是影响用户使用公共自行车的重要因素之一。我国的公共自行车系统规划是在借鉴国外经验的过程中,逐渐形成合适的运营模式和理论方法。在实际的运营过程中,公共自行车系统提供的服务与站点周边的公共交通设施使用现状、交通运行特性的变化相关,因此为更好的满足用户需求的变化,提高公共自行车的使用率,需要对站点的布局提出优化决策。在此背景下,本文对公共自行车站点布局优化问题进行了研究。首先,从公共自行车系统出发,分析了系统构成、站点类型的划分。在站点布局规划角度,提出站点布局的关键要素是站间距的确定和站点规模的估算。规划不合理,导致公共自行车站点前期的配置与实施后的需求不匹配。在理论方面,总结已有的公共自行车站点布局模型的特点和存在的不足,提出站点布局优化模型的构建思路。其次,从公共自行车站点布局影响因素的描述入手,分析了建立公共自行车站点布局优化模型构建的前提以及假设,确定了以所有使用者出行总时间最小为目标函数,以建设总成本、站点借还需求以及站点服务能力为约束条件的数学模型。结合模型中目标函数和约束条件的形式,基于LINGO软件求解模型,得到在不同周期的需求变化条件下,站点的布局优化方案。最后,以中山市公共自行车系统为基础算例,参照中国各城市和中山市实际运营情况设置相应的模型参数,验证模型的合理性与可行性,为决策者提供优化参考意见。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, public bicycle system has been a hot research topic of government, related enterprises and scholars. More cities will join the public bicycle queue in our country. How to build the public bicycle system scientifically and how to operate the public bicycle system is becoming more and more important. The design and layout of the site (including site distribution, site scale rationality, site system perfection) is one of the important factors that affect the users' use of public bicycles. In the process of drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries, the planning of public bicycle system in our country has gradually formed a suitable operation mode and theoretical method. In the actual operation process, the service provided by the public bicycle system is related to the current situation of the use of public transport facilities around the station and the change of traffic operation characteristics, so in order to better meet the needs of users, To improve the utilization rate of public bicycle, it is necessary to optimize the layout of the site. In this context, this paper studies the layout optimization of public bicycle stations. First of all, from the public bicycle system, analysis of the system composition, site classification. From the point of view of site layout planning, the key elements of site layout are the determination of station spacing and the estimation of site size. Unreasonable planning, resulting in the public bicycle site early configuration and implementation of the requirements do not match. In theory, the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing public bicycle site layout model are summarized, and the train of thought of constructing the site layout optimization model is put forward. Secondly, starting with the description of the factors affecting the layout of public bicycle stations, this paper analyzes the premise and hypothesis of establishing the optimization model of the layout of public bicycle stations, and determines that the minimum travel time of all users is the objective function. A mathematical model with total construction cost, site loan demand and site service capacity as constraints. Combined with the form of objective function and constraint condition in the model, based on the LINGO software, the optimization scheme of site layout is obtained under the condition of changing requirements in different periods. Finally, taking Zhongshan City Public Bicycle system as an example, the corresponding model parameters are set according to the actual operation situation of Chinese cities and Zhongshan City, to verify the rationality and feasibility of the model, and to provide reference for the decision makers.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.225

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